Movie Critique Patch Adams Essay Sample free essay sample

Inexactly dependent on the genuine account of Virginia doctor Hunter â€Å"Patch† Adams MD. the 1998 film Patch Adams without a doubt conveys great in footings of enthusiastic and crowd plea. On-screen character Robin Williams is totally given a role as the strange and optimistic Dr. Fix Adams who is an enduring truster in a working association among doctor and patient each piece great as the utilization of mind and individualized assaults in the intercession of patients. On the other terminal. back uping characters Mitch ( played by histrion Philip Seymour Hoffman ) and Dean Walcot ( Bob Gunton ) usefully speak to the sullen and conventional clinical doctors who characterize clinical forte by employees and troublesome nosed objectiveness. Industrially. the film is useful as a â€Å"feel good† play satire with the correct parity struck between the catastrophes of perish and unwellness and the kooky jokes of Williams as jokester doctor Patch Adams. The character Patch Adams was a non-traditionalist who lived by his ain guidelines. Some dull even say that his non-accommodating mentality each piece great as his barefaced disregard for convention and custom administering the clinical school may be side effects of an enemy of social character annoyed as referenced in the library scene of the film. Some may by and by reason that one can name it hostile to social only from the clinical school’s purpose of position. As a rule and existent society by and by. the character Patch Adams is to a greater degree a â€Å"pro-social† person. Professional social individuals show activities that are perpetually to benefit others rather than one’s self image. The characteristics that recognize them are their pushed to help. consideration. comfort. partition with and co-work with others for the benefit of all. ( Clarke 2 ) At the end of the day. it is the finished enemy of postulation of hostile to social character disturbs especially since the solitary conceivable ( however deficient ) manifestation that Patch shows that may gauge up for against social bombshell is his refusal to hold fast to the clinical school’s customs. Plot insightful the film is acceptable in the introduction of mind as a legitimate part in the improvement of a patient’s personal satisfaction. The positive physiological and mental reactions to humor as confirm by the ascent of electrical action in the encephalon. expanded chest rate without solid strain. also, diminishes in accentuation uneasiness degrees have been very much reported by clinical perceptions and surveies ( Szabo ) . The case that mind in add-on to an all the more neighborly and swearing connection between health consideration provider and patient may make more than harming slayers and medication for the patient’s prosperity is other than valid. Studies show that patients who are despondent will in general hold inconvenience in teaming up with their rewarding specialists each piece great as unknowingly repress their own recuperation ( â€Å"The American Psychotherapy Association the American Association of Integrative Medicine A ; the American College of Wellness Present the Evolution of Health Care: Unifying Mind. Body A ; Spirit† ) . Such is other than the premiss of all encompassing clinical forte that claims more than clinical diagnosing and medication. the relationship framed between taking care of doctor and patient is a basic endorser of â€Å"making the patient entirety. what's more, bring arounding or taking out the infection. † ( Whorton 250 ) The idea of exchanging terminal of life consideration for gerontologies and terminally debilitated patients from clinical segregation to a progressively humanistic and casual assault other than has its excellencies especially as increasingly matured American residents are populating out their last yearss at hospitals and nursing places ( Lynn. also, Adamson 1 ) . In his article for the Daily Herald that showed up in June 4. 2007. Dr. Patrick Massey concedes. â€Å"quality of life at the terminal of life. verifiably. has non been a high priority for customary clinical forte. † ( Massey 6 ) While harming which is a sensibly regular occurring in geriatric consideration might be constrained by harming medication. there are worries that the reactions that accompany such drugs might be all the more harming to the patient’s comfort in the long count ( 6 ) . The film tends to this issue with scenes of the inflatable battle and spaghetti pool sorted out by Patch for two of the geriatric patients. each piece great as his endeavors and possible accomplishment in become a close acquaintence with the crotchety and terminally wiped out pancreatic dangerous neoplastic infection tolerant Bill ( played by histrion Peter Coyote ) . There was other than the utilization of mind utilized in pulling out the character of Caryn ( played by Monica Potter ) who built up a far off and troublesome character following an adolescence of sexual abuse as suggested in the scene where she opens up to Patch about her long scorn for work powers. Mind is both a record and intercession of injury and enthusiastic annoyances influencing requirement to pass on and evasion. A person’s â€Å"humor ability† is connected to relational accentuation. singularity and security. Snicker and show are exercises that create relational and cultural achievements ( Miczo ) . This is confirm by the underlying briskness displayed by the character Caryn who at last opened up and figured out how to acknowledge mind in the class of her work and relationship with Williams’ character Adams There are other than notices to issues going up against today’s health consideration industry. its bureaucratism and bronzed tape. Fix Adams’ thought process in set uping a free network hospital for the individuals who have no wellbeing consideration or protection originated from his perception of how individuals were kept from relaxing legitimate health consideration. joining in and help with the numerous conventions related with clinics and protection. Murray and Jennings study that notwithstanding the awareness of an interest for change in health consideration. individuals are as yet suffering in harming and expiring non on account of unavailability of specialists or inconvenience medication yet rather through undeveloped specialists â€Å"unnecessary regulative bronzed tape. furthermore, monetary hindrances to hospice and palliative consideration administration. † ( Murray and Jennings ) While the film made some sensibly valid statements on social insurance and the incorporating of mankind into specialist persistent connections. there are other than certain focuses that were made more for sensational outcome than truth and practicality. Review crowds will be acceptable guided to design self-consideration and rating. For case is the build of â€Å"transference. † In the prior segment of the film where Patch apparently comes in clinical school. the objectiveness and separation rehearsed by doctors with their abstinence is clarified as a shield against â€Å"transference. † In mental science. transference is characterized as a â€Å"transfer† of encounters inside a relationship. Frequently. transference is discussed in a sentimental and stimulating setting wherein the patient â€Å"transfers† sentimental emotions to a rewarding specialist. medical caretaker of healer. Transference and its resulting outcome of â€Å"counter transference† may do battle and employments in the way an expert relationship is done. ( Jones ) In the film. the character Adams is seen evading the guidelines set by the clinical school and continuing seeing and associating with patients. indeed, even the individuals who are terminally wiped out and would wish nil to make with him. While the story of Adams’ inviting relationship with Bill and his accomplishment in â€Å"treating† patients in the film makes for good film screening. in existent life. entirely ignoring the framework set in topographic point by the clinical school each piece great as the theft of clinical supplies from the hospital gracefully room are non unequivocally commendable representations to put for would be clinical practicians. ( Butts 146 ) Nor is the puting up of an unaccredited and uninsured clinical establishment where the doctors have non even finished their clinical evaluations. Conceded that the clinical understudies/volunteers at Adams’ establishment had their Black Marias in the privilege topographic point. there are negligence Torahs and administrative acts that preclude unaccredited clinical experts from rehearsing clinical claim to fame. To the film’s acknowledgment there is a reasoning yet extremely little of Adams’ blame and insight that the expire of the character Caryn was expected to the unstructured â€Å"medicine† that he was propounding. Fitting to the late Dr. Avedis Donabedian. one of America’s taking appointed authorities of wellbeing consideration quality. quality consideration is the joined result of a physician’s capable capability and reverberation with the patient ( Das. Schwartz. what's more, Derenzo ) . Of the segment sing reverberation. there is no request that the character Adams possesses a great deal of it. The request comes in the capable capability as neither he nor different voluntaries appeared in the film have gotten their clinical evaluations. The threat of misbehavior suits is non an inactive one. Perceivers inside the clinical calling themselves have expressed that a few specialists have truly executed advances that shielded them from potential suits however estranged their patients ( 1 ) . For delineation. in the scene at the coffee shop where one of the companions Patch has made grumbled of paying for preliminaries that approached about $ 200 that he considered unneeded in the mediation of his hyper-extended mortise joint. Such example in the clinical field has come to be known as â€Å"defensive medicine† where doctors request preliminaries and processs with the point of maintaining a strategic distance from any conceivable misbehavior suits ( 1 ) . There is other than the representation of self-mutilator â€Å"Larry† who sank into sadness following his father’s perish and turned into an incessant visitant to the exigency ro

The Story of My Love Essay Example for Free

The Story of My Love Essay Love is an insane, abnormal, yet alluring game. Many imagine that they will never fall into its enthralling bait; I am one of these individuals. In the event that somebody had let me know back in April, when Aingeal and I were authoritatively presented that he would later turn into my Fiancã ©e, I would have chuckled at the negligible idea. It’s very interesting how life functions. We have had a lot of issues however I could never have imagined I would lose him unexpectedly early. In no time before completing the remainder of my school classes, the main thing shielding me from being a liberated individual was my Externship and graduation. It was joyfully a period once in my life where things at long last appeared to go the manner in which I arranged. My extremely close friend network comprised of four individuals, my beloved companion Jen, my informal sister Tracy (who remained at my home during senior year), and Aingeal who was a dear companion of Jen who likewise happened to be Tracy’s old buddy. Each Thursday, from that first day back in April, when Aingeal and I were first presented, till the year's end, the four of us (Jen, Tracy, Aingeal, and I) would meet at Old Country Buffet after classes to sit and discuss all parts of our lives. We turned out to be near the point that the four of us couldn't part. We received the clever name â€Å"The Pretty Eyes Club† essentially in light of the fact that we as a whole had pretty eyes; it was fun how we acted so selective. We additionally had a unique spot that even vulnerable dim of winter we would could race to simply to unwind in this delightful gazebo ignoring the town. I figured out how to get a vocation for him with me later in the year. Cooperating and having similar classes permitted the ideal open door for an extremely close and private fellowship. As life progressed forward, Aingeal and I turned out to be a lot nearer. Eternship and graduation were quickly drawing closer and up until this point, I never took a gander at Aingeal as anything significantly more than only a companion. We were welcome to a gathering for Graduation. He and I showed up at the gathering with various companions, anyway that night changed things totally. After the gathering, both of our dates hurried home. There was a night-time party being tossed that we truly needed to go to. The young lady setting up the gathering was Sally. Her family was leasing a lodging and they were known for tossing the most astonishing gatherings; their room was our goal. There was a van transport driving individuals from the gathering to Sally’s house. I review Aingeal and me discreetly sitting close to one another taking irregular photos of our companions and simply discussing how the night was going. I was seeing a bond creating; it was terrifying yet stunning the amount we truly shared practically speaking. Showing up at the gathering clearly we both needed literally nothing to do with any other person however ourselves. We sat out on the patio simply looking at the stars. That decent night was the absolute first night that he kissed me. We went about as though nothing occurred and just believed it to be a one-time thing. There was a whole week hole among externship and graduation, I review just one time that we discussed that kiss. â€Å"Are you annoyed with me?† I asked hesitantly, he knew unequivocally what I was talking about. â€Å"Not at all.† He reacted with such a look, that I am certain that I will always remember; a look that said â€Å"are you joking me?† his eyes said everything, this was only the start. Graduation was next up on the rundown. It was an energizing day and Aingeal was close by the entire time. Things were truly working out in a good way. There was a graduation celebration the next day. We made certain to bring tents and have them set up in the back yard. I purchased a little tent and Aingeal came over multiple times to get some work on setting it up. I will always remember the time we nodded off in it behind the house in my patio; my grandma imagined that we were crazy. We had recently gone home, the tent was laying in my secondary lounge lastly the time had come to go to the gathering. We pulled up to the house and the tempting smell of heavenly food and the sound of music were originating from the terrace. Some way or another, we both realized it would have been an extraordinary night. We got the tent set up and simply made some magnificent memories. That extraordinary night our relationship improved. Joyfully when morning moved around we were gradually strolling to my vehicle clasping hands. It was not until practically mid-month when we at last settled on the choice to formally go out, it was not long after I returned once more from my prospective employee meet-up. We spent the whole summer working fourteen-hour shifts at work, unwinding in the pools on our days off lying under the stars late around evening time, and watching motion pictures at whatever point we needed. Between you and me, Aingeal and I made an uproar break out at a show one time. We accidently thumped over the police, and lead thousands over blockades and through an arena. We went to Dorney Par k at whatever point we could, regardless of the amount I beseeched him he would in any case never go with me on a rollercoaster. Jen and Tracy were with us through everything. It was such a wild time, an astounding warm summer with two of the most significant cherished individuals in the entire world. That gazebo at our mystery spot was the very spot that Aingeal got the fortitude to stoop down on one knee and propose to me, the orange and pink dusk and the sweet smell of the blossoms on the breeze everlastingly secured this memory my head where it never will be overlooked. Tragically, we as a whole realized that the late spring was going to end soon, and with that, we are for the most part heading out in our own direction. I was heading out to Atlantic City, Aingeal was considering going to upstate New York, Tracy was going to Peru, and Jen was traveling to Italy. We as a whole gradually lost touch over that late spring. I make it a point to converse with them all now like never before. Unfortunately the most recent day of summer fun came. I got my last check from work and in the parking garage, we as a whole said we love one another and afterward we said our farewells. There were a ton of tears; I review that similar to the main time I saw Aingeal cry. I realized that there was no chance I could comfort him which implies, our whole relationship was going to totally change and we both knew it. I sat in the vehicle and everything I could do is cry. I weeped for all the recollections that made my life even more decent, sobbed for the normal times of division that we would both experience, sobbed for such a significant number of things that day, however I for the most part cried on the grounds that I was leaving the main life that I had buckled down for a considerable length of time to assemble. It just felt like it was totally broken to the ground throughout one day. As I pulled out of that part and glanced in my rearview reflect one final time, I realized that he was without a doubt the man I adored. From that day forward, I would see him once at regular intervals just on the off chance that I was fortunate to try and get that. In the end our fantasies hit hard with the very agonizing hand of which we call reality. We understood we were seeing less of one another and living totally separate lives. It was not going to work around then, and it murdered me to let it be known. We ended up separating following an ideal one-year relationship, with that went the entirety we had always wanted and any desires for a coexistence, and our fantasies about raising our own family. We were at that point selecting names for our youngster: Isabella Maria Nurena. On the day we isolated, I am certain we both lost a delicate piece of ourselves, something that no measure of time would ever recuperate. Presently all that remaining parts are the recollections and dreams, longs for the future and recollections I wanted from my optimal past.

Importance of Teamwork

Talk about the Importance of Teamwork for the Systems Analyst A frameworks expert is accountable for the working framework and related subsystems. Also, he is liable for distinguishing choices for streamlining PC assets. This requires a joint activity with different people, regardless of whether they are interior customers or outside. On the off chance that the framework examiner completes proficient collaboration, and fits the commitments of all customers towards a concurred objective, his effectiveness will be far more noteworthy than singular achievement. Cooperation alludes to the shared exertion by a gathering of people for accomplishing a typical goal.On the other hand the framework investigator plans new IT frameworks to improve business proficiency and profitability. The frameworks examiner need to introduce their plans to customers and once the structure is endorsed; they work intimately with the client group to dispatch the arrangement. To accomplish this, the frameworks ex aminer needs to work intimately with the clients, inspect the plan of action being presently utilized by the business and the progression of data in the association. His discoveries are talked about again with the client group and he devises an apt improved IT based solution.During his work, the framework investigator additionally draws up the layout of the new framework, discovers and gauges the expense and indicates how the customer will utilize the data. At every one of these means the frameworks investigator is required to collaborate with the potential clients and utilize such a cooperation conduct, that will prompt better execution (U. S. Division of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2006). The frameworks investigator normally needs to assess and contemplate the hierarchical culture of the customer, he needs to evaluate and comprehend the inclinations of the colleagues of the customer and survey the present conditions of the customer organization.This is significant for the fr ameworks examiner to contact generally with the outside or inner customers. For instance, the frameworks examiner may need to contact with the frameworks vendors to get the quote right and he needs to contact with the organization chiefs to survey their requirements effectively. The frameworks examiner needs to make an interpretation of customer prerequisites into profoundly mind boggling and nitty gritty undertaking briefs. This exertion would not be conceivable except if he teamed up broadly with the clients. This requires collaboration. Collaboration is additionally significant in light of the fact that the frameworks expert is regularly required to draw up proposition for changed or substitution systems.In option, he is required to make intelligent and creative answers for complex issues. What the frameworks expert is required to do is to recognize choices for potential arrangements and assessing them for both specialized and business appropriateness. To draw up recommendations for altered or substitution frameworks, collaboration is required to discover the inclinations of the client colleagues. Further, to think of consistent and inventive arrangements, the frameworks expert must have the option to get input from individuals outside the team.In short the frameworks examiner must have the option to unite with outside and inside individuals to effectively finish his task. While managing the customer, the frameworks expert must have the option to get a wide scope of perspectives from the staff, peer gatherings, clients and senior administration of the customer association, He should have the option to take a wide viewpoint when he is defining social objectives for themselves. The frameworks expert ought to improve the nature of these objectives by uniting the clients and designers so that there is specialized similarity just as customer satisfaction.This co-appointment job of the frameworks investigator requires a high level of cooperation. It is the obliga tion of the frameworks examiner to guarantee that the financial plans are not surpassed and the cutoff times are clung to. So as to accomplish these objectives the frameworks expert needs to distinguish and oversee clashing desires for various individual and even gatherings. For example, he should have the option to deal with the contention between the client prerequisites and budgetary requirements. What's more, he should have the option to start and orchestrate the discoursed between various gatherings, for instance the customer the board and designers (U. S.Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2006). Practically speaking the frameworks investigator needs to look into, plan, keep up, investigate, design, introduce and overhaul working frameworks. Moreover, in a few associations he is required to investigate, look after, introduce, plan and update equipment and programming interfaces with the working framework. For this he needs to break down and decipher the present or arranged business methods or issues. The framework expert needs to work freely just as work towards the group objectives of keeping up the working frameworks just as the frameworks in brilliant condition.Moreover, he needs to comprehend the objectives of the framework clients and meet their desire. The clients of the framework should feel a feeling of possession towards the frameworks that they are utilizing. They should feel focused on the frameworks that they have assisted with making. This inclination must be made if there is cooperation between the frameworks examiner and the clients. The clients of the framework ought to work together with the frameworks investigator to utilize their capacities and information to add to the achievement of the framework. There are various routine undertakings that a frameworks expert needs to act in the proper way of his work.For model, he needs to work with specialized staff, for example, systems administration to place into activity network an d similarity among frameworks. In any event, for these undertakings cooperation is significant. In addition, cooperation is expected of the frameworks expert for helping staff of different offices in issues identified with data innovation, preparing newcomers in the utilization of PC assets and giving data innovation direction to newcomers. The frameworks investigator must pick up the trust of the considerable number of clients he is managing; at exactly that point will they express their feeling, clashing perspectives and enquiries.A frameworks expert must put forth an earnest attempt to be upstanding, honest and legitimate. He should have undivided attention aptitudes. He should point towards participative dynamic and resolve issues productively. Collaboration has become a significant piece of the activity detail of a frameworks investigator and numerous associations assess the cooperation aptitudes while enlisting a frameworks examiner. Most frameworks examiners understand that c ooperation is significant in light of the fact that either the framework is adequately perplexing that it takes a group with numerous abilities to structure, and a superior framework will result when a group approach is adopted.In short it is significant that frameworks investigators figure out how to function in a group situation so they will have collaboration aptitudes so significant for their occupations. To total cooperation is significant for the frameworks investigator. He is required to routinely gather data, look at and assess present or arranged frameworks. Every one of these activities requires association with people and collaborating with various people. Indeed, even in his normal and mechanical obligations he needs to meet with individuals and get them associated with the IT procedure. At long last, even in the event of diverse help obligations that are alloted to him, coordinated effort is basic.

Physics Essay Thesis Example For Students

Material science Essay Thesis The motivation behind this lab is to tell the best way to figure the normal speed and quickening in six unique races. So as to discover normal speed you should utilize the recipe s=d/t (s= speed, d=distance, t=time). Then again, for increasing speed you will utilize the recipe a= if-vi/t (a-?quickening, if=final speed, beginning speed, t=time). Normal speed is the means by which quick something is moving; the way removed moved per time. Increasing speed is the pace of which speed is changing, the change might be in extent, heading, or both. Materials Procedures: The materials you will requirement for this test are: - 3 individuals - stopwatch - paper pen - 2 cones - field Once youve gathered all the materials you will continue to the accompanying advances: Choose 3 individuals you will jump at the chance to work with in a group. 2. Dole out every individual to either record the time, record results, or to do the 6 diverse sort of races 3. Go outside to a field and put the 2 cones a ways off of 10 meters from one another 4. The individual who will do the races will be on one side of the cone and the other 2 individuals will be on the opposite side of the cone 5. A few blunders established was that the individual with the one was that the racer did the action at a prior time. These blunders can change the normal speed and increasing speed. In the event that something is fouled up, begin the preliminary once again so as to get the right outcomes. Writing Citation: Paul Hewitt. Reasonable Physics . Unclear. Vague. . Vague. ;indistinct;.. The Physics 500. Section 2: Linear Motion. Indistinct. . Vague. ;vague;. Questions: 1 . Q: How does average speed identify with the separation secured and the time taken for ravel? A: The more prominent the normal speed is then the quicker you run. 2. Q: Should recorded normal speed speak to the most extreme for every occasion? Clarify. A: No, the normal speed gives you the quantity of normal not the greatest/most noteworthy number 3. Q: Which occasion had the best normal speed in the class in miles every hour (1. 00 m/s=2. 24 miles/her)? An: According to the information table it was running. 4. Q: Does your estimation procedure for speed empower you to gauge the quickest speed achieved during an occasion? The normal speed. A: No, it gives you

Episodic Memories and Your Experiences

Episodic Memories and Your Experiences Theories Cognitive Psychology Print Episodic Memories and Your Experiences By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on February 09, 2020 Daniel Ingold / Cultura / Getty Images More in Theories Cognitive Psychology Behavioral Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In This Article Table of Contents Expand Overview Types Examples What the Research Says View All Back To Top Episodic memory is a persons memory of a specific event. Because each person has a different perspective and experience of an event, their episodic memory of that event is unique. Episodic memory is a category of long-term memory that involves the recollection of specific events, situations, and experiences. Your memories of your first day of school, your first kiss, attending a friends birthday party, and your brothers graduation are all examples of episodic memories. In addition to your overall recall of the event itself, it also involves your memory of the location and time that the event occurred. Closely related to this is what researchers refer to as  autobiographical memory or your memories of your own personal life history. As you can imagine, episodic and autobiographical memories play an important role in your self-identity. An Overview of Episodic Memory Imagine that you get a phone call from an old college friend. You get together for dinner one day and spend the evening reminiscing about numerous amusing moments from your days at university. Your memories of all those specific events and experiences are examples of episodic memory. These episodic memories are important because they allow you to recall personal experiences that are an important part of your life. These memories provide you with a sense of personal history as well as a shared history with other people in your life. Episodic Memory vs. Semantic Memory The term episodic memory was first introduced by Endel Tulving in 1972 to distinguish between knowing factual information (semantic memory) and remembering events from the past (episodic memory). Episodic memory together with semantic memory is part of the division of memory known as explicit or declarative memory. Semantic memory is focused on general knowledge about the world and includes facts, concepts, and ideas. Episodic memory, on the other hand, involves the recollection of particular life experiences. Types of Episodic Memories There are a number of different types of episodic memories that people may have. Specific Events These involve memories of particular moments from a persons personal history. Remembering your first kiss is an example of a specific episodic memory. Personal Facts Knowing who was president the year that you got married, the make and model of your first car, and the name of your first boss are all examples of personal fact episodic memories. General Events Remembering what a kiss feels like is an example of this general type of memory. You do not remember each and every kiss youve ever shared, but you can recall what it feels like based on your personal experiences. Flashbulb Memories Flashbulb memories are vivid and detailed snapshots related to finding out particularly important news. Sometimes these moments might be highly personal, like the moment you found out that your grandmother had died. In other cases, these memories might be shared by many people in a social group. The moments that you found out about the 9/11 attacks or the Paris concert theater attacks are examples of shared flashbulb memories. Examples of Episodic Memories Some examples of episodic memories might include: Your memory of your recent trip to DisneylandWhere you were when you learned that a loved one had diedYour memory of your old cell phone numberYour memory of your first day at your jobYour recollection of your first date with your partner Remember, each persons episodic memory of an event is entirely unique. Even other people who shared the same experience may have slightly different recollections of what happened. What Research Suggests Researchers have found that episodic memory can also be interdependent with semantic memory.?? On learning tasks, participants performed better when new information was aligned with prior knowledge, suggesting that semantic knowledge of a task provides a sort of framework for new episodic learning. Participants were asked to remember the prices of grocery items. Those in the control group were better able to remember these prices when the new information was congruent with their existing episodic memories of grocery prices. Amnesiac participants in the experimental group, however, performed much worse at remembering new information because they did not have access to episodic information from their past. Conversely, researchers have also found that episodic memories also play a role in the retrieval of semantic memories. In experiments where participants were asked to generate lists of items in particular categories, those who were able to rely on episodic memories performed better than amnesiac participants who did not have access to episodic memories. Studies also suggest that there are sex differences in episodic memory. Research has found, for example, that women tend to outperform men on tests of episodic memory function, particularly on verbal-based episodic memory.?? Studies also show that women are able to access these memories faster and date them more accurately than men.??

Chinese Admissions Agents

Chinese Admissions Agents February 4 Unethical admissions agents in China are not news, but there is a good editorial further exposing them in Forbes. There is an editorial in Forbes written by Hannah Lincoln and Sean Ages entitled Ghostwriting for Chinese Applicants that we wanted to share with our readers. In the piece, Lincoln and Ages describe how, as American graduate students at a Chinese university, they were presented with the chance to make cash ghostwriting college admissions essays for Chinese students applying to universities in the United States. To our loyal readers, this practice should come as no surprise as weve been writing about unethical admissions agents in China for years. These admissions agents quite literally allow students to pick preselected essays from a stack of different options. In many ways, the process is like Chipotles. You pick whether you want white rice or brown rice, pinto beans or black beans, chicken or steak, medium salsa or mild salsa, etc. Its like Chipotles new Southeast Asian concept (Shophouse), too. While this practice works quite well for Chipotle and Shophouse, it does not we repeat it does not work in highly selective college admissions. College admissions officers at the most highly selective colleges are well aware of the practice and they are finely tuned readers and evaluators. Theyll know if the essay has been ghostwritten by one of these students hired by unscrupulous admissions agents in China. As stated in the editorial, The education consulting company Zinch published a white paper  on the subject in 2010 which suggested that, among college applications coming out of China, †¦90% of recommendation letters are fake, 70% of essays are not written by the applicant, and 50% of high school transcripts are falsified.' We would venture to say that even this 70% figure underestimates the practice. If youre a student or parent in China, how do you feel about these unethical Chinese admissions agents? Did you know that some even put our name on their websites to try and give themselves credibility? And many copy some of the text of our homepage and more. Its rather absurd and, we feel, it should be addressed appropriately and promptly.

Essay on the Life of Frederick Douglass - 1702 Words

In Frederick Douglass#8217; Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, Mr. Douglass gives many examples of cruelty towards slaves as he shows many reasons that could have been used to abolish slavery. Throughout the well-written narrative, Douglass uses examples from the severe whippings that took place constantly to a form of brainwashing by the slaveholders over the slaves describing the terrible conditions that the slaves were faced with in the south in the first half of the 1800#8217;s. The purpose of this narrative was most likely to give others not affiliated with slaves an explicit view of what actually happened to the slaves physically, mentally, and emotionally to show the explicit importance of knowledge to the liberation†¦show more content†¦A majority of southern slaveholders took part in sexual relations with their slaves because it was their property and they felt should be able to do whatever they wanted to do with it. This idea of the slaveholder was an evil example of the condition of slavery and how it was such a necessity that it be abolished. The total disrespect by slaveholders towards the slave families is overwhelmingly sinful. How could one person be so oblivious to the wickedness of their actions to their families of slaves by impregnating their women and separating them from each other? The shear absence of any respect for Africans or mankind in general, makes those certain slaveholders the worst humans on this earth. As a young child, Frederick Douglass was introduced to the acts of violence towards the slaves including the all too common whippings. He says, #8220;I have often been awakened at the down of day by the most heart-rendering shrieks of an own aunt of mine, whom he used to tie up to a joist, and whip upon her naked back till she was literally covered with blood.#8221; One could only imagine the horrid pictures that slaves would have seen on a daily basis of other slaves nearly being beaten to death by t heir masters. For the black children growing up on the plantation, the master was seen to be a man of great power and not to be taken lightly. This was exactlyShow MoreRelatedNarrative Life of Frederick Douglass Essay1104 Words   |  5 PagesIn this essay I will be talking about the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass and how his life was representative towards the telling about slavery. First I will talk about what the difference between urban and plantation slavery. Then I will talk about each type of slavery through events that Frederick Douglass lived through. In the end I will describe how slavery impacted race relations. Numerous people have a diverse way of thinking towards the Narrative of Fredrick Douglass, so someRead MoreNarrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass Essay1306 Words   |  6 PagesFrederick Augustus Washington Bailey (later known as Frederick Douglass) was born a slave in Talbot County, Maryland around the year 1818. He was an African American reformer, writer, and orator. Douglass was one of the few noteworthy heroes who arose from the evils of slavery and impacted the United States and the world in significant ways. After escaping from slavery, he became known for his astounding oratory skills and remarkable antislavery writing. He became an important leader of the abolitionistRead MoreNarrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass Essay1182 Words   |  5 PagesNarrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass After escaping from slavery, Frederick Bailey changed his name to Frederick Douglass and became a prominent speaker in the abolitionist movement. He was so eloquent that proslavery opponents charged him with being a fraud who had never been a slave and challenged him to reveal the true facts of his life. Such an account was dangerous for Douglass, who could have been captured and returned to slavery for life, but he proceededRead MoreEssay on The Life of Frederick Douglass2310 Words   |  10 Pages The Life of Frederick Douglass Frederick Douglass brilliantly intelligent and defiant once led a minor insurrection against his masters and escapes his venture alive. Douglass’s career as a militant, uncompromising leader of the American Negro. A fugitive slave who was taught to read by his slave mistress, and who as an ex-slave, became the most famous and articulate rebuke to the monstrous institution of slavery ever to speak or to write in America. In autumn of 1828, Frederick DouglassRead MoreThe Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass Essay1001 Words   |  5 Pages The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass details the oppression Fredrick Douglass went through before his escape to freedom. In his narratives, Douglass offers the readers with fast hand information of the pain, brutality, and humiliation of the slaves. He points out the cruelty of this institution on both the perpetrator, and the victims. As a slave, Fredrick Douglass witnessed the brutalization of the blacks whose only crime was to be born of the wrong color. He narrates of the pain,Read More Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass Essay907 Words   |  4 PagesNarrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The tone established in the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass is unusual in that from the beginning to the end the focus has been shifted. In the beginning of the narrative Douglass seems to fulfill every stereotypical slavery theme. He is a young black slave who at first cannot read and is very naà ¯ve in understanding his situation. As a child put into slavery Douglass does not have the knowledge to know about his surroundings and theRead More Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass Essay1380 Words   |  6 Pagessecond. The only chance to survive this born-into captivity, is to humble yourself before a white master or attempt to escape to an unknown safe haven. To chance an escape would put your life at risk to the bounty hunters and cause severe brutality upon those you left behind. The only logical way to live one’s life in these situations would be submissive from birth to death and to die quietly, so those remaining don’t lose what little faith they have left. This is an example of the atrocities thatRead MoreNarrative of the life of Frederick Douglass Essay1558 Words   |  7 PagesNarrative of the life of Frederick Douglass   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In reading The Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass, I, like others, found myself to be deeply moved. The way in which Mr. Douglass walked me through each stage of his â€Å"career† as a slave gave me a better understanding of the African American slaves’ struggle. I realized in reading this mans story that he was a gifted individual and I pondered over where his strength came from? It is true and obvious that Mr. Frederick Douglass was an extremelyRead More Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass Essay906 Words   |  4 PagesNarrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, depicts a vivid reality of the hardships endured by the African American culture in the period of slavery. One of the many things shown in Fredericks narrative is how slaves, in their own personal way, resisted their masters authority. Another is how slaves were able to create their own autonomous culture within the brutal system in which they were bound. There are many examples in the narrativeRead MoreEssay on Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass1097 Words   |  5 PagesNarrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass Complete Title: An Exploration of the Relationship between Southern Christianity and Slaveholding as seen in the â€Å"Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave Written by Himself†    Dr. Pautreaux’s comments: What makes this paper memorable is the fact that this student is also a minister. Both his command of the language and his insight as a minister gave this paper a unique view of the narrative.    We can so easily deceive

Sue Graftons Alphabet Novels, Ranked

Staying Mentally Fit is Just as Important as Exercise and...

When you think of living healthy the first thing you probably think of is eating healthy and exercise. That is very true and is extremely important in healthy living, but there is also one factor you probably didn’t think about. That is mental health. Mental health is keeping your mind in shape. I want to talk about some disorders that coincide with mental instability and how to stay mentally fit. The first example of mental instability is eating disorders. The main two eating disorders and anorexia and bulimia. Anorexia is when the person literally starves themselves to death or causing them to lose a life-threatening amount of weight. Anorexia usually occurs in females and causes serious medical complications such as, slowed heart†¦show more content†¦Without treatment depression only gets worse and more frequent. Symptoms of depression involves some combination of the following symptoms: depressed mood (sadness), poor concentration, insomnia, fatigue, appetite disturbances, excessive guilt and thoughts of suicide. As many as 8 out of 10,000 teens committed suicide in 2000. Think about that. All of those teens ending their life on earth because they felt incompetent. Like their lives didn’t have a purpose. Like people, even their closest family members wouldnt even care if they died.Thankfully you can help. Simple things like compliments on how their skirt is one of a kind or how cool their new shoes are. On a lighter note I want to talk about ways that you can keep your mind healthy. You can devise a way to use new words that you learned. (ohh! Vocab word!)You can start playing puzzles like sudoku and jumbles in the paper. They may sound boring and like a waste of time but they are actually extremely fun and slightly addicting. Even though most people would say that videogames are a waste of time they are actually proven to fight alzheimers. You can also read. I know, sounds boring too. I have a friend who would say â€Å"Reading is dumb. Go make your own story.† This is true we should make our own story but reading will inspire us to do so. So in conclusion. Say something nice, feel good about yourself, and stimulate your mind, body, and soul and alwaysShow MoreRelatedMovie Review : Star Diet1367 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"30 POUNDS IN 30 DAYS!† I am so happy to welcome you to THE MOVIE STAR DIET! If you follow the methods in this book, you will soon be able to realize the body you’ve always dreamed of. You will feel healthier and more alive than you have in years. This will give you greater confidence in yourself and a vastly improved attitude towards your entire life! In the years to come you will look back on this day as one of the major turning points in your life. I have always noticed that not very many peopleRead MoreDiet And Exercise Of Living A Healthy Life1307 Words   |  6 Pages2015 Diet and Exercise Many people struggle with living a healthy life or struggle to know what exactly a healthy life means. Having good diet and exercise habits are an important part of living a healthy life. Just because someone may look fit and healthy, does not mean they are healthy. In fact, they could be just as unhealthy as an obsess person. This is also the same for someone who may not look like they are healthy. Even if they are overweight, they can still have a clean diet and aRead MoreThe Healthy Benefits Of Gymnastics1736 Words   |  7 PagesWhat are the Healthy Benefits of Gymnastics? The sport of gymnastics, which acquires its name from the ancient Greek word for disciplinary exercises, combines physical skills such as body control, gracefulness, skill in performing tasks with the hands, coordination, and strength with tumbling and acrobatic skills, all performed in an artistic manner. Gymnastics is performed by both women and men at many levels, from local clubs and schools to colle ges and universities, and in elite national and internationalRead MoreHealth, The Greatest Of All We Count As Blessings Essay1507 Words   |  7 PagesHealth, the greatest of all we count as blessings. - Ariphron Being and staying healthy, is very essential to a wonderful life. Health has been defined as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. Not only do these components help the individuals that have a healthy body, it also is beneficial to everyone around them. We were not put on this earth and presented a life to waste it away sitting on the coach, eating potato chips, and being lazy bums. By leading an active life andRead MoreBenefits to Lifetime Sports1545 Words   |  7 Pagesdo that same thing? There are much greater benefits to participating in activities and exercise than in sitting on your bum. Everyone knows that the more exercise and activities a person does the healthier they will be. In order for this to be true though a person must con tinue this throughout his/her life and be committed to doing it more than just once in a blue moon. One easy way to get this exercise is to play a lifetime sport. Lifetime sports include sports that can continue withRead MoreHigh Blood Pressure And Stroke1136 Words   |  5 Pageslacking the energy you need to get through each day. Coffee is a cheap fix that many of us use to get up and going, but there are additional steps we can take to ensure we have the physical and mental energy we need to ensure we don t neglect any important aspect of our lives. Get Enough Sleep If you find yourself not able to get everything done in your day and still have enough time for sufficient sleep, then you may need to cut back on your daily routine. Sleep is the single most fundamental requirementRead MoreExercise Is Key to Long and Healthy Life2359 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction In this seminar it is going to be word how is the exercise key to long and helthy life.I have wrote how exersise affects on our lives in very stage of our life.I have explaned how exercise helps people to fight with all kind of diseases.Also I have wrote the importance of healthy diet and how it is important to eat good food. I also noted the importance of exercise in the development of children.In this seminar I have gave tips for healthy and long life. More that 1.6 billion peopleRead MoreThe Alarming Childhood Obesity Statistics in America1950 Words   |  8 Pagesin 2008 on medical expenses costs and that does not include the programs that fight against the problem. â€Å"In 2003 over 300,000 died due to obesity related health problems, diseases and cancers.6† One of the most important battles we wage on American soil is the war for citizens to be fit, and it nearly always starts in the childhood. Since 1971 the problem of childhood and adult obesity started to grow annually due to many reasons related to our ways of living. Now the food industry, including fastRead MoreThe Ten Best Dieting Tips For Obese Women2518 Words   |  11 Pagescertain diets even if they have to lose the same amount of weight. Dieting can be an endless battle for many women especially because body image is so important in today s society. Here are the ten best dieting tips for obese women. Tip #1: Eat foods that will help you increase your meta bolic rate. The more you can increase your metabolic rate the more beneficial your diet plan will be as it will help you get rid of fat faster. Tip #2: Increasing your metabolic rate can t be done with just dietingRead MoreIf You Ask Me?1369 Words   |  6 PagesMany people believe that as they get older they lose many abilities, their drive, and their enthusiasm for life. While this is true for some, it doesn’t have to be the fate of everyone who reaches old age. White combats this by staying active, both physically and mentally, and continuing to work on many projects even into her 90’s. She shared that one of the ways she has grown to enjoy aging is by simply embracing it. White does not pretend to be any younger than she is and uses her age as a punch

Athena In The Odyssey - 1592 Words

The story of homer s epic poem the The Odyssey takes place ten years after the Trojan War is over. There are many heroes of the war that come home to their families, however there are even more that are lost through the long struggling years of the war. Of the few who stayed behind, Odysseus goes through battle after battle, problem after problem, and has had the most trouble coming home. The story opens in the tenth year since the war has ended, almost 20 years since our mighty hero Odysseus went to war and left his palace, his wife Penelope, and even his infant son Telemachus behind. Telemachus grew up without a father wondering if Odysseus will ever return home. The story of the Odyssey captures the reunion between long lost†¦show more content†¦It is through her they learn the qualities that define a hero. From her first act of assistance to her final peacemaking, she is largely responsible for the creation and conclusion of the plot. Telemachus daydreams before meeting Athena for the first time (B1:L134-136). Growing up without his father Odysseus, the only knowledge Telemachus knows of him are only the stories told him by his consorts. With all the suitors roaming freely through the great halls of his father s palace, chasing after his mother Penelope s hand in marriage, Prince Telemachus is left hopeless to stop them. Athena uses her great skills of strategy and wisdom to quickly find a way to inspire our hero Telemachus to journey to find his father. She shapes shifts into Odysseus old friend Mentes, and predicts that Odysseus is still alive and that he will soon return to Ithaca. â€Å"Take my words to heart. At daybreak summon the islands lords to full assembly, give your orders to all and call the gods to witness sail in quest of news of your long- lost father, Athena declared (B1:L315-325). With these words of encouragement, Athena uses her disguise to influence the prince to find his father. If it not for Athena, Telemachus might have taken his father for dead and encouraged his mother to marry one of her suitors. The journey is also important because the journey of Telemachus plays an important part of him becoming a man on his own. When Telemachus reachesShow MoreRelatedAthena In Homers Odyssey : The Persuasiveness Of Athena1480 Words   |  6 PagesA Father’s Daughter: The Persuasiveness of Athena in The Odyssey In Homer’s The Odyssey the reader is introduced to a number of powerful women, who, as per the social rules of the time, are expected to bend to the whim of their male counterparts. These women, while persuasive and cunning, fall victim to the patriarchal status of Greek society; Penelope, wife of Odysseus and mother of Telemachus, must obey the word of her son; the nymph Calypso must obey the command of Zeus through Hermes; NausicaaRead MoreHow Is Athena A Hero In The Odyssey976 Words   |  4 PagesThe Odyssey is a fascinating epic poem consisting of twenty-four books all written by Homer. It is based on a Greek hero named Odysseus, who spends twenty years away from his family. Odysseus was in a battle against the Trojans in the Trojan War for the first ten years. Then, another ten years of painful obstacles was added due to his boastful attitude towards the gods and goddesses. When returning back to Ithaca, Odysseus encounters numerous of hardships with the help of the go ddess, Athena. HeRead MoreAthena And Gender Roles During The Odyssey1776 Words   |  8 PagesAllen Professor T. Carlisle English 212-044 October 05,2017 Research paper intro and thesis and work cited Athena and Gender Roles in the Odyssey The expectations of gender roles had a great impact on women in classical Greek society. In Ancient Greece, women were banned from entering the battlefield because warfare was seen more suitable for men, it is where they would show their strengths, physical courage and power. Women had no power or say as far as giving orders, their role was to stand behindRead More Penelope, Clytaemestra, Athena, and Helen of Homer’s Odyssey1448 Words   |  6 PagesThe Ideal Women of Homer’s Odyssey      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ancient Greek society treated women as secondary citizens. Restrictions were placed on the social and domestic actions of many aristocratic women in ancient Athens.   The women depicted in Homers Odyssey, on the other hand, are the ideal.   Penelope, Clytaemestra, Athena, and Helen are all women with exceptional liberty and power.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Before comparing the women of the Odyssey to those of Athens, it is beneficial to take a look into the livesRead MoreAthena in the Odyssey vs. Virgil in the Inferno Essay1500 Words   |  6 PagesAthena in the Odyssey VS. Virgil in the Inferno Two of the greatest works ever written, The Odyssey by Homer and The Inferno by Dante, are detailed, multi-sectioned poems about the journey’s of two men. In each story, the main character is given some sort of guidance by another character in order to aid them in their travels. In The Odyssey, Athena is portrayed as the protector to Odysseus on his journey back home from the Trojan War to his family in Ithaca. In The Inferno, Virgil is requestedRead MoreDivine intervention dealing with Greek myths, especially The Odyssey and The Iliad.1474 Words   |  6 Pagesexemplifies this is the great goddess Athena. This daughter of Zeus impacted everyone that she came across. The character Athena is splashed over Greek works. However, there are specific pieces of Greek literature that tell a great deal about this fiery goddess. This is not a passive goddess. This is an active, involved goddess who, in both the Iliad and the Odyssey, assumes divine leadership and challenges even Zeus himself. In The Odyssey and other Greek myths, Athena is an essential character and contributesRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s Odyssey, The Epic Of The Classical Era Essay1585 Words   |  7 PagesPaper Assignment 1 Prompt 1 Homer’s Odyssey is one of the many epic of the classical era to give an detailed overlook on the relationship between humans and gods. Odyssey is not just an adventure story about a king struggling to get back home after having gone to war; nor is it one about a son searching for his father after rumors say that he has been dead for many years. The events that take place in Homer’s Odyssey are heavily influenced by the Greek Gods. One can see how the gods interactionRead MoreThe Iliad and the Odyssey1510 Words   |  7 Pagesand the Odyssey are two classic stories told by Homer. Within these two stories the roles of the gods are very important to the story line and how they affect the characters throughout. In the Iliad, more gods are involved with the characters whereas in the Odyssey there are only two major gods that affect two major characters. The roles of the gods in the Iliad are through two different stances of immortal versus immortal and mortal versus immort al. The roles of the gods in the Odyssey are throughRead More Divine Intervention: Athenas Role in The Odyssey Essay1593 Words   |  7 Pagesintegral part of ancient epic poetry as seen in Homers The Odyssey. The role of the goddess Athena was an essential part of Odysseuss journey back to Ithaka. Athena also played a vital part in Telemakhoss life before the return of his father. Even Penelope is impacted by the help of the grey-eyed goddess, often inspiring Penelope to hold off the suitors as well as putting her to sleep when a situation became too difficult. Athena demonstrates that she is a critical component of developmentRead MoreThe Effects Of Cultural And Religious Diversity On The World1701 Words   |  7 PagesDivinity. Investigation of the Ancient Greek religion and the religion of the Hebrews provides evidence about the different and similar patterns in human-Divinity interrelationships, as exemplified by Odysseus and Athena as well as Job and God. The research of two ancient texts, Odyssey and Bible, show that the power and influence of the Hebrews’ God is more significant than the power and influence of any particular god in the Ancient Greek Olympus, which makes the human and the Divinity more distant

Social learning approach Free Essays

Personality can be defined as a hypothetical concept that constitute those relatively stable and enduring aspects of an individual which distinguishes them from other people making them unique, but which at the same time permit a comparison between individual. There are various approaches that conceptualize personality. These are; the psychoanalytic perspective, the trait theory, behaviorist (learning) theory, humanistic theories cognitive and biological approaches. We will write a custom essay sample on Social learning approach or any similar topic only for you Order Now This paper however will explore the behavioral and social learning theory approaches to personality. The focus will be in comparing and contrasting them and relating them to a personal personality disorder. The social learning theory is an approach that argues that we learn through imitation, modeling, and observation of other people behavior. If we observe a good behavior from other people, we are likely to behave well but if we observe bad behavior from them we behave badly. Albert Bandura is considered a major proponent of this theory. This approach also considers the environmental factors claiming they reinforce modeling. An individual can be reinforced directly by a model for example; a student can dress like other to fit in their group. A third person can also reinforce modeling. for example; a teacher may praise a certain student making the others to model him. It is also possible to imitate the behavior itself. For example; a student may play football during his leisure time influencing another to model the behavior. Social learning theory argues that reinforcement and punishment are necessary in learning. They influence the level at which a person demonstrates a learnt behavior. They argue that moral judgment concerning the right or wrong is modeled. Bandura outlined from major condition for modeling to occur; paying attention, remembering, ability to replicate, and motivation. Modeling leads to acquisition of new behavior, affects the frequency of embarking a learner behavior, encourages a forbidden behavior and increases the frequency of a similar behavior. They emphasize of self regulation in personality development. For example; setting own goals, self observation, self judgment and self reaction (Ormrod, J. E1999) The behavioral approach in personality assessment argues that personality can be acquired through observation. It put the environment accountable to personality difference among people. It assumes that we can understand other people by observing how they behave. It also argues that a response to certain stimuli molds behavior. Learning can occur though conditioning in both human and non human animals. It also assumes that all human are equal at birth. We are born a tabula rasa – empty slit – as we grow, the environmental factors molds our personality. Proponents of this approach include Skinners’ (1957) operant condition theory, Pavlov (1936) conditioning theory and Watson (1958). (Axialis Team 2008) Both the social learning and behavioral theories emphasize on observation learning to personality acquisition. They consider environmental factors that influence our personality. They also consider reinforcement and punishment an important factor in learning. However, social learning theory argues that learning is possible without necessarily changing the behavior. This contrast the behavioral approach that argues that learning must be represented by a permanent change in behavior. Social learning assumes people can learn through observation alone and which might not affect their performance thus may not or may impact behavior change. This contrasts the behavioral approach which assumes learning must involve a permanent change in behavior as well conditioning necessity in learning. Modeling, imitation and observation cannot be assumed in behavioral acquisition. Environmental factors too are very important in personality assessment. These two approaches consider this. They both make a step to explain broader personality to include the animals. On the other hand, we cannot assume the thought processes, unobservable activities, biological and genetic factors in personality assessment and which they assume. Conditioning approach can be useful in explaining how we develop a habit how we model it, who influence us towards the habit and how we can stop the habit. In my early stages of life, I used to like toys very much. My parent would make sure that they bought me. Initially, my elder brother used to like them too. My parents would buy him every time he performed better in school. He would spend time with them on his free time. He motivated my love for toys. When I started going to school, my parents adopted a similar strategy in buying me toys. It was not after I destroyed one like before, but after I performed better in school. I remember I had a hard time to adapt to this. Previously I mishandled them; after all they would buy me if damaged. This time round, it was based on performance. I wasn’t a good performer but I had to work hard to get some new toys. If I didn’t perform well, the punishment was ‘no toy’. As time went by, my performance deteriorated. My parents withdrew their reinforcement. At the long run, there were no more new toys. The old ones were not pleasant at all. I hated them. My performance currently is better but I hate toys. In the behavioral view, I observed the habit from my brother and learnt it, the environmental factors, my parent, influenced me to possess the habit of destroying them in order to be bought some new. I was reinforced to work harder to get new toys. The negative stimulus, the punishment, was not to be bought new toys. The aversive stimulus was my parent’s withdrawal of new toys when my performance decreased. I later stopped liking toys a result of the negative reinforcement. In the social learning view, I learnt the habit from observing my brother; he used his free time well. My brother was my role model. I paid attention to his habit, I rehearsed and was able to replicate the way he handled and treated the toys. However, my parent motivated me by realizing my habit and therefore bought me some more toys. I did not permanently adapt the behavior implying that learning does not necessarily change behavior. Social learning approach best describes my personality I was able to observe, pay attention, rehearse and replicate my brother’s behavior thus influencing my personality. I was able to regulate myself in settling my goals, observe and make my own judgment and choose my reaction from my parent’s move towards my habit. These theories explore the complexity of human nature. Whichever dimension they take as long as it explain personality assessment, is worth credential. However, if these approaches are merged they would have a better explanation to personality assessment. How to cite Social learning approach, Essays

Parents should be Responsible Children Violate Laws

Question: Discuss about the Article for Parents should be Responsible for Children Violate Laws. Answer: Introduction As per parental responsibility legislations, there are laws which actually hold parents liable criminally for any negligence or not controlling a childs illicit acts. Basically the statute is not holding parents for the criminal acts of the child but for not controlling the child adequately. At the state, social and municipal levels this is a popular statute and is one of the many ways societies are contemplating how to reduce juvenile criminalist acts in kids. The basic concept behind this is that children who are living with their parents gets affected and strongly impacted by the activities of the parents. In USA, legal mechanisms have always help parents accountable for their childrens actions (Cahn, 1996; Humm, 1991). California is the world leader in enactment of punitive parental liability legislations. It introduced the Street Terrorism Enforcement and Prevention Act of the year 1988. Under this legal guardians or parents are liable when there are evidences of inadequate care , protection, supervision and control made on minor child (California Penal Code Section 272). Such punishments can be in the form of fines, misdemeanors to even probation of five years or imprisonment. Nine more states have passed legislations similar to this (Mildon, 1996). It is considered that how a child is born and brought up at home has an impact on the development of his or her mind or thoughts. Styles of Parenting and Its Effect on Children The style in which parents shape up the development of their children is a long lasting source of theory scientists, thinkers, philosophers and parents have been researching about. The outcome of such studies is huge. We have composed it and concluded that there are the following four styles of parenting (Utting, 2007). Psychological speaking these are authoritative, neglectful, permissive and authoritarian. Each of these has a different set of characteristics and builds up different reactions in children. Here we will discuss these styles and their effect on children. Authoritative parenting This is the most beneficial and highly accepted style of parenting. These are parents who have their expectations set very high from their children. However they make adjustments to these expectations keeping the well being of the child in consideration. Children undergoing this style of parenting often show great discipline and behavior in their day to day activities. Neglectful parenting One of the most damaging ways to look after children is being neglectful to their needs. This is different from rest all other ways and here either the parent recognizes, or a family or close friend. In such a situation the child suffers the most showing emotional issues, outbursts, behavioral problems, concentration problems and inability to mix with other children. Permissive parenting Permissive style of parenting has some damaging effects too. These are parents who indulge their children. Responsive but not depending, these parents do not like confrontations and hence become lenient in many demands of the children which they should not. Children of such parenting can show indiscipline and an attitude of not being reasonable or understanding. Authoritarian parenting- The other name given to authoritarian parenting is strict style of parenting. Here there are given less open dialogues in between the child and the parent. There are rules and the child is expected to follow those rules. Children under this style of parenting show a healthy development (Hughes, 2013). There is a need of an ideal parent in the world. A psychological parent can be the answer to this. Psychological parents work on the child on a day to day basis. Using communication, interaction, mutuality, and interplay and exchanging ideas they cover up the psychological and physical needs of their children. They are always there for the financial or emotional support of the child. How one can become a good psychological parent highly depends on how well one can bond emotionally with the child A child up to the age of 7 years is known to be a doli incapax. It means he or she is considered as defense of infancy. Hence during this age they are not responsible for their actions. And this is the right age to mould them to have the best of characters or nature. Education, knowledge, civil and moral sense of responsibility must be ingrained in a child by the parent anytime till he or she is 7 years because this is the time when they accept and believe everything said by a parent (Koocher, 1990). The entire world today is focused on raising and improving development of children in every way possible. A real world example can be given for General Powell who has committed his life and for the past decade have been providing time, financial resource, energy and creativity in improving life of children in the nation. Under the name of Americas Promise Alliance, Powell with his wife Alma Powell is advocating the needs of the younger generation (Anonymous). Parents to be Held Responsible Only Personally, the argument is in favor of the fact that parents should be held responsible for the actions of children. It is believed that it depends highly on the age of the child when he or she makes the crime and depending on that one can hold the parents as responsible. In the real world the right answer highly depends on the State where such an incident has occurred. Numerous cases of children stealing, calling for fake bombs, sexually assaulting or using a shotgun in schools made it call parents to be responsible for their kids actions. Almost 36 States today claims parents are responsible when kids break the law. In Tennessee a small 8 year girl child was shot dead by another 11 year boy kid over a fight for a puppy. During school lunch for a $10, a school boy was stabbed to death in London. High publicized juvenile crimes like shootings in schools have further increased awareness of parental responsibility (Fablo, 2008).There are many States which have adopted statutes of parental responsibility legislations based on their own locations. When such laws will be implemented universally, then it will provide enough data to analyze how effective they are. As per Graham "We have an adult problem, nota children problem .... If we can get our adults together, the children will naturally fall in line" (Graham, 2000). Conclusion From the exterior it is a belief that parents are to be held up for the crime committed by their children as the parents are totally responsible for the upbringing and education of the children. Their actions and behaviors have huge influence over the thought process, beliefs and actions showcased by the children. The primary reason for this is when a child starts learning things the parents are the first people they know and starts understanding. This has given the conception that if children do not behave properly it is because of the parents. If they commit a crime it is also because of the parents. It is considered that maybe parents have neglected them or they are simple bad parents. However there are ample cases that can be proved as evidence that even after parents doing everything for their child, giving them proper care, attention and education that tend to get attracted to the negative and gets tempted to commit a crime at a very young age. In such a situation there is no p oint to blame parents. Parents really do not have a complete control on their children. They cannot be with the children 24 by 7, not at school, not at their art classes and not while they are spending time with other kids on the block. Hence once again to conclude to blame a parent for the crime committed by their children one must look at the age and State where the incident has taken place. One must understand the lifestyle of the family in concern and then come to a fair conclusion. References Cahn, (1996). Pragmatic questions about parental liability statutes. Humm, R. (1991). Criminalizing poor parenting skills as a means to contain violence by and against children. University of Pennsylvania Law Review. Koocher, G. P. Keith- Spiegel, P. C. (1990). Children, Ethics, and the Law: Professional Issues and Cases. Graham. (2000). Parental Responsibility Laws: Let the Punishment Fit the Crime. Utting, D. (2007), Parenting and the different ways it can affect childrens lives: research evidence Hughes, E. (2013), Types of Parenting Styles and How to Identify Yours, Retrieved from https://my.vanderbilt.edu/developmentalpsychologyblog/2013/12/types-of-parenting-styles-and-how-to-identify-yours/Anonymous, Leadership of General Colin Powell and Alma Powell, Retrieved from https://www.americaspromise.org/leadership-general-colin-powell-and-alma-powell

Issues in Policing Response free essay sample

They are often blamed for racial profiling and experience law suits. Officers face death every time they report for duty, they are giving their life. Law enforcement for years has been faced with corruption In the departments, The stress and late night hours of the Job becomes an Issue on a dally basis, affecting family life and at times mentally ruling the officer. Safety Is always an Issue along with the multicultural world we live In. Different cultural backgrounds and language barriers they deal with along with budget cuts, also makes their Job extremely Hellenizing.According to Science Daily (2008), Policing is dangerous work, and the danger lurks not on the streets alone. The pressures of law enforcement put officers at risk for high blood pressure, insomnia, increased levels of destructive stress hormones, heart problems, post-traumatic stress disorder and suicide, researchers have found through a decade of studies of police officers (1). These are some way the mentioned issues affect local, state, and federal law enforcement agencies. We will write a custom essay sample on Issues in Policing Response or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Examples of other affects to agencies would be, corruption, it not only affects law enforcement agencies, the officer, and his department, but it also affects society. Another example is working in a multicultural world affects the meaning, intention and interpretations to law enforcement agencies.

Using a Sample of an Essay Using APA Format

Using a Sample of an Essay Using APA FormatA sample of an essay using APA format is a useful tool when you need to present your argument for a research paper or a report. In fact, APA writing samples can help you prepare an essay even before you begin writing the actual assignment.First, you need to decide the paragraph size. It is important that the document you create is concise and easy to read. By knowing how much information you will need to include in the document, you will be able to write the shortest paragraphs. This will save you time and improve your ability to focus on the primary points of your essay.Second, be sure that your grammar is correct. When you are working on an essay, it is very easy to overlook mistakes in your grammar. You should be especially careful with the punctuation and capitalization of your essay. Using a spell checker is a great idea and an APA writing sample can help you with this as well.Third, you need to be sure that you use sufficient sentence and paragraph breaks throughout the essay. The amount of space between sentences and paragraphs is dependent on the topic of the essay. Be sure that your paragraphs do not turn into lengthy monologues.Fourth, make sure that you introduce the introduction of your paragraph in the correct order. It is also a good idea to keep to a specified number of paragraphs, with the first paragraph at the beginning of the document and the last paragraph ending the document. Do not forget to end your paragraphs on a descriptive note.Fifth, all sentences should be strong. When you are preparing an essay, it is a common mistake to make long and intricate sentences. It is important that your sentences are short and informative, so that they will be easier to understand.Sixth, you need to provide enough information in your paragraphs. The paragraphs should not get too long and do not lose focus. There should be at least one paragraph per paragraph. Try to keep your paragraphs to five to six sentences in length.A sample of an essay using APA format is a great way to learn about the structure, language, and how to write an effective document. All the information you need to present a professional-looking essay can be found online.

Assignment 1 Managerial Finance 650-Ashford Essays

Assignment 1 Managerial Finance 650-Ashford Essays Assignment 1 Managerial Finance 650-Ashford Essay Assignment 1 Managerial Finance 650-Ashford Essay Assignment 1 Closing Case Chapter 4- MBA Decision Keith C. Quarles Managerial Finance Robert Watson 3-26-12 1 Age can play a significant part in the decision whether to keep working or go back to school. A young person can go back to school and still have time to chase a career whereas an older person would have a smaller window of opportunity and may not as willing to chance giving up their livelihood to get a degree. The opportunity costs of leaving the job may be equated in the coming years after graduating considering the added value to the marketability of the student once a degree is attained as reflected in a higher base salary than the previous job which would make the investment a worthy endeavor. Of course the cost of tuition must be added in as an explicit costs. 2 . Maybe the most notably important non quantifiable aspect of the decision is marital status. Other opportunity costs are involved implicitly; namely, quality time with loved ones and the finances toward school that could be used to care for the family. The opportunity costs can be implicitly affected by the individual perception of the value of the alternative(s) foregone versus. the one chosen.. 3 He has three choices; remain at his current job, pursue a Wilton M.B.A. or pursue a Mt. Perry M.B.A. Stay at current job: After tax salary =$55,000 (1-.26 )=$40,700 Given that his salary will grow 3 percent each year the present value of his after-tax salary is : Pv = Cost Pv= $857, 343.20 Wilton MBA : The direct/explicit costs of attending Wilton are the costs of tuition ,books, health insurance, room and board and other supplies. The present value of t he direct costs are : P V of direct expenses = ($65,000 +2,500+3,000+2,000) + ($65,000+2,500 +3,000 +2,500) /1.065 Pv of direct costs = $140,575.12 Next for the lost salarys opportunity costs; Pv o f lost salary=$40,700/( 1 . 0 6 5 ) +$40,700( 1 + 0 3 )/( 1+.065) 2 = $75,176.00 The increase is the present value of his future salary , plus bonus which is: Present value of after tax bonus paid in 2 years= $ 20,000 (1.31) / 1.0652 =$12, 166.90 After ta x salary = $100,000 (1 -. 3 1 ) = $69,000 His salary will grow a t 4 percent per yea r but he will only work 38 years. His present value of his after tax salary is : Pv =$1,640,84. 35 First salary payment is three years from today so we discount for two years to get this value as follows : P v = $1,640,843.35/ 1.0652 Pv =$1,446,664.77 The total value of a Wilton M.B.A. = $140,575.12 75,160 +12,166. 90 +1,446,664.77=$1,246,958.48 Mount Perry MBA : Total direct costs = $75,000 +3,500+3,000 + 2,000 = $83,500 when paid today which makes it the direct cost present value also. P v of indirect costs (lost salary)=$40,700 /(1.065)=$38,215.96 Next we compute his salary:: Pv of after tax bonus paid in 1 year= $16,000 (1- .29 ) /1.065=$10,666.67 Aftertax salary=$88,000(1-.29 )= $62,480 His salary will increase at 3.5 percent/yr sand he will work for 39 years thus the present value of his aftertax salary is:: Pv = $1,399, 292.27 That is the first year salary but the first salary payment is in two years so we discount for one year to find todays value as follows : Pv =$1,399,292.27 /1.065 Pv = $1,313,889.45 Total value of a MT. Perry M.B.A. is: $83,500- 38,215.96 + 10,666.67+ 1,313,889.45 = $1,202,840.16 4 . The future value in this case for each decision will have the highest present value accounted for and also the highest future value. Thus to assume that using the future value for all decision is the best method is incorrect because in this case the present value analysis will give the same answer. . 5 . In order to find the salary offer that would make the Wilton M.B.A. as attractive as his current job we can use the pv of his current job plus the cost of attending Wilton and the after tax pv of the bonus. Calculated as folows:: Pv =$857,343.20 = $13 6 ,697.18 + 75,176.00 +12,166.9 0 + Pv of salary Pv of salary=$1,060,927.42 Given that his current present value of his job salary and the Wilton expenses are equal in costs the present value of the salary in two years when he graduates must be : Value in 2 years=Value today(1+ r )2 Value in 2 years =$1,060 7927.42(1+ 065 ) 2 Value in 2 years= $1,203,330.40 First salary payment: Growing annuity equation calculation Since the after tax salary is $ 5 ,0601.90 the pre tax salary must have been as follows: $50,60. 90 / (1+ 3 1 ) Pre tax salary = $73,336 09 6 . T h e opportunity cost represents the risk associated with choosing one alternative over the other and in this case whether he borrows or or pays cash does not matter in the consideration of the interest rate of the decision.

ACT Reading

How Science/Math People Can Do Well on SAT/ACT Reading SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The reading sections of the SAT and ACT can be intimidating at first glance if you’re more inclined towards math and science than the humanities. All those passages! The horror! Fear not, my number-loving friend. The reading sections of these tests are actually more logic and evidence-based than you might expect. In some cases, your science and math skills can even help you find the correct answers. This article details three strategies for approaching SAT and ACT Reading if you consider yourself a more math and science-oriented student. Strategy 1: Understand the Fundamental Rule It’s crucial that you understand the one fundamental rule of SAT and ACTReading before you take either test as a self-described "science and math person". This rule is that there is only one unambiguously correct answer for every question, and you will be able to find direct evidence in the passage leading to elimination of all other choices.Eliminating answer choices should be a key aspect of your overall strategy. If even one small part of an answer choice doesn’t fit,you have to get rid of it!If you do this right, you should be left with only the correct answer every time.As someone who is more math and science oriented, it may actually be easier for you to eliminate answers that don't line up with evidence in the passage. On the SAT and ACT,you'll never have to do any deep literary analysis of any of the passages. Your approach to the reading sections should be different from the way you approach reading in your English classes. In this case, you can take each passage at face value. Though you'll run into some questions that ask you to look a bit beyond the literal facts of the text, there will always be a chain of direct evidence leading to your answer. Here's an example of an ACT inference question to show you what I mean: It can most reasonably be inferred from the passage that when the narrator says, â€Å"I didn’t see the red, yellow, and purple clusters that meant flowers to me† (lines 30–31), she is most nearly indicating that: A. from her current position, she couldn’t see the old woman’s flowers, which were still growing near the house.B. the flowers grown by the old woman had died because the narrator had stopped watering them.C. the flowers grown by the old woman had been cut down when Eugene’s father mowed the lawn.D. the weeds that had grown up in the old couple’s lawn had intertwined with the flowers, making the flowers hard to see. Despite the fact that this question is asking us to make an inference, we can still eliminate most of the choices because of the evidence found in the passage. The full sentence referenced in the question reads: The father had spent several days mowing, and when he finished, from where Isat, I didn’t see the red, yellow, and purple clusters that meant flowers to me. The information in this sentence allows us to discard three out of the four answer choices. Choices B and D are not relevant to why the narrator can no longer see the flowers, and choice A is possible, but not likely given the sequence of events presented in the sentence.Choice Cmakes the most sense given the context. If you're astudent who gravitates towards science and math, this is actually your kind of reading test because there is no subjectivity. The units and data in the reading sectionsjusthappen to be words instead of numbers. On the SAT and ACT, you have to mow down all the incorrect answers to reveal the perfectly groomed correct answer lawn beneath them. Shut up I know it's not a perfect metaphor. Strategy 2: Focus on the Evidence Reading questions on both the SAT and the ACT are always evidence-based, even if they seem subjective.Because these are standardized tests, the answers to questions must find a way to restate something that is explicitly referenced in the passage. This prevents any of the questions from opening themselves up to more than one interpretation, which would destroy the integrity of the test as an assessment tool.Every reading question must be answered using evidence in the passage or sentence. If you don’t see evidence for an answer choice, it’s incorrect.This goes back to the fact that in SAT and ACT reading questions, words are just another form of data. Let’s look at a sample SAT question to prove my point: The author of passage 1 mentions Isaac Newton (lines 37-40) in order to: A. emphasize the rapid rate of technological innovationB. acknowledge the impact of a profound thinkerC. criticize the inflexibility of Newton's contemporariesD. highlight the value of scientific curiosity The relevant lines read: Technological advances build upon each other, increasing technological abilities faster than most people anticipate. Imagine, for example, how astounded even a great seventeenth-century scientist like Isaac Newton would be by our current global communication system, were he alive today. From the evidence in these lines, we can see that Isaac Newton is mentioned as an example to demonstrate that even the greatest scientists in history would be amazed at the level of human technological change that has occurred over time. Based on this, we can confidently pick choice A as our answer. The middle two answer choices are too invested in Newton specifically rather than his place in proving the author’s larger point, and choice D doesn’t actually have anything to do with the point being made in these lines. The point is spelled out very directly; technological abilities have increased much faster than anyone could have ever anticipated. This is virtually synonymous with choice A: emphasize the rapid rate of technological innovation. If anyone drops another MacBook on my head I swear to God... Strategy 3: Read Smart The one aspect of the SAT and ACT reading sections that often poses a big problem for less reading-oriented people is finishing the passages in time. This is particularly true on the ACT, where you have only 35 minutes to read three long passages and a set of paired passages and answer 40 questions total.If you’re a slow reader and you try to read every passage closely, you may run out of time and lose easy points. That’s why you should figure out a good passage reading strategy before the test. Think of this as an experiment (except this time it's not about the material itself, it's about figuring out the best way for you to approach it). Try different methods so you can start collecting data about what works for you. Method 1: Read the Questions First, Skim the Passage Later You won’t be able to answer every question right away with this strategy, but there are many questions thatreference specific line numbers in the passage. This is especially true on the SAT, where almost every question provides you with the line numbers you need to read in order to answer it. As you answer these types of questions, you'll start to get a sense of the main ideas presented in the passage.If you need to read some parts of the passage more closely for specific questions, you can do that on a question-by-question basis. This strategy will probably also reduce your test anxiety.If you’ve been able to answer a couple questions about the passage already, you’ll feel much less pressure going forward. Method 2: Skim the Passage Before Reading the Questions This method requires knowledge of how to skim efficiently. Irecommend reading the introduction and conclusion of the passage and the first and last sentences of every paragraph so you’ll understand the thesis and main arguments. Skimming in this way should give you most of the information you need to answer big picture questions about the passage.When you come across questions that reference specific lines and words, you can go back and read more carefully. These methods take practice, so don’t go into the test unprepared if you struggle with time on the reading section!Try out these strategies on timed practice tests first to see what works best for you. Again, think of this as a science experiment where you're collecting data on the most efficient way for you to take the test. Summary Even if you consider yourself more of a science and math person, you CAN do well on the SAT and ACT Reading sections.SAT and ACT Reading will potentially be easier for you than the reading tests you've taken in school because each question has one objectively correct answer that is supported by evidence in the passage. Above all, remember to: #1: Understand the fundamental rule#2: Focus on direct evidence#3: Formulate a passage-reading strategy Don’t let the reading sections freak you out just because you think you won’t be good at them!You’re just as capable as any word nerd of doing well on reading as long as you know what you’re up against. What's Next? For more strategies to help you with the Reading sections, check out our articles on how to get perfect scores on SAT Reading and ACT Reading. If you're not quite ready to aim for a perfect score on SAT Reading, start with our more basic article on strategies to improve low reading scores. If you're still trying to decide whether to take the SAT or the ACT and want to know which one is better for you, read about which students should take which here. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

The Immaculate Conception with Saints Francis of Assisi and Anthony of Essay

The Immaculate Conception with Saints Francis of Assisi and Anthony of Padua - Essay Example The paper "The Immaculate Conception with Saints Francis of Assisi and Anthony of Padua" seeks to delve into the mastery of this piece, and its excellent execution. Cardinal Girolamo Verospi commissioned the painting by Giovanni Bennedetto Castiglione, â€Å"The Immaculate Conception with saints Francis of Assisi and Anthony Padua†, in 1649, for a new church in Osimo at the Capuchin monastery in Italy. Castiglione hailed from Genoa, and is understood to have studied under Sinibaldo Scorza. He was a passionate student of paintings by Paul Rubens and Anthony van Dyck, whose paintings were readily available in Genoa. Rembrandt also heavily influenced him. Castiglione was one of the earliest masters of monotype, while also being one of the earliest practitioners of Chiaroscuro woodcut art. He became known for combining emotion and high drama in his works with elements of Flemish naturalism and Venetian colorism. His earliest works include Noah’s ark, The Nativity of Christ, which is regarded as his best work, St. James defeats the Moorssfor and Mary Magdalene and Catherine among others. In 1649, he was commissioned to paint The Immaculate Conception with Saint Francis and Anthony of Padua. At this point, Castiglione was at the peak of his powers, having mastered the art of being a draftsman and also pioneering oil sketch development. The essential features of this painting include the Virgin Mary, based on â€Å"The Woman of the Apocalypse† in the book of Revelations. She is depicted standing.

Evolution of Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Evolution of Management - Essay Example The principles of management have changed dramatically within the past century, shifting between a classical perspective, to a humanist perspective, to a scientific perspective that takes into account the various technological and globalizing principles occurring within the modern workforce. Regards, some elements of effective management have remained true throughout all of these changes, including the necessity of innovation and the importance of culture. By analyzing each of these elements in terms of one’s own work experiences, a student of management can develop both a complete picture of how management has evolved through the years and how seemingly outdated principles can serve as a useful guide toward driving success from one’s team. The formal study of management is relatively recent, despite the fact that individuals have been managing others within organizations since ancient times. The earliest studies of management principles began with the classical perspec tive, which emerged during the 19th and early 20th centuries. This was brought on by the factory system that appeared in the 1800s during the Industrial Revolution. During this time, work was increasingly centralized into one location, as opposed to the rural agricultural setting in which most of the world worked before that point. Another distinctive feature about the factory system was the organizational structure that needed to be enforced in order for effective and efficient work processes to start. In the absence of effective management principles, factories could not cope with training employees, scheduling complex manufacturing operations, and handling increases in labor dissatisfaction among workers. Accordingly, a better management system and a more efficient factory became the subject of an increasingly academic interest among intellectuals (Daft & Marcic, 2008, p. 24). In response to this problem, the number of professional managers increased nearly sevenfold between 1880 and 1920. These managers developed and tested solutions to the challenge of organizing, coordinating, and managing large groups of people and their productivity. At this point, modern management through the classical perspective became necessary for large businesses with many employees. Within the classical perspective, there are three different emphases or subfields: (1) scientific management, (2) bureaucratic organization, and (3) administrative principles (Daft & Marcic, 2008, p. 25). Scientific management refers to scientifically determined changes in management practices as the solution to improving labor productivity. This movement was carried through by Frederick Winslow Taylor, who believed that improving productivity meant that management should change accordingly and that the nature of this change should conform to scientific principles. This involved the application of science to estimate the productivity of each worker and the attempt to maximize that productivity by an alyzing situations that workers find themselves in. Another subfield, that of bureaucratic organizations, became popular in Europe following the late-19th century in the belief that a rational authority would lead to higher productivity. This theory was based on the observations of sociologist Max Weber, who thought that the depersonalization of the hierarchical workplace led to a more objective standard for success. A third subfield, that of administrative pr