Plato’s Theory of Knowledge, A Guide to Reaching Higher Grounds Essay Example for Free

Plato’s Theory of Knowledge, A Guide to Reaching Higher Grounds Essay The human knowledge may be regarded as having a two parts: One that he sees hears and touches, on the other he organizes mind s on what he learns through the senses. Philosophers have given considerable attentions to questions about the resources of knowledge. Some philosophers think that that the particular thing seen, heard and touches are more important. They believe that general ideas are formed from the examination of the particular facts. A philosopher who feels that the knowledge is acquired in this way is called empiricist. The view of the knowledge can be attained only through the sense of experience. According to them the real knowledge is based on what our sight, hearing smell and other senses tell us it is really out there and not what people makes up in their heads. Other philosopher thinks it is more important to find a general law according to which particular facts can be understood or judge. This method advocates rationalist. A newer school pragmatism, believe that the value in use is the real test of the truth and meaning and truth of an idea are tested by the practical consequences. These are some of the groups that search about the roots of the theory of knowledge. When a person wants to be enlightened you must know what the light within us is. This light will guide us in every step of our lives. It is a process on what is greater than life, what is greater in the physical things that we see. It is the moment when we begin to know something that is greater than, which is also within ourselves. According to the Augustinian Theory of knowledge, there are two objectives to be considered. One is to show how knowledge of all kinds is achieved and how therefore true reality maybe discovered. The second is to provide the groundwork for the reform of the cultural education to ensure the proper development of the people through teaching knowledge. Inner awakening is that you follow your ego, but after you realize and enlightened, we follow god’s will. We as a person must know and search ways to be enlightened. Enlightenment is the aim of any person. But after you get this enlightened don’t fear that you will loose everything. You must enjoy things more passionate but you know when and how and do not abuse your power of enjoyment like you did before enlighten. The theory of knowledge gives us a guide on how human reach the higher level of enlightenment. It gives us the one by one step and details on how knowledge is acquire. Plato a great philosopher considers some of the details about what is the nature of knowledge and the way it was obtained. In the traditional analysis of knowledge Plato’s theory of knowledge divides into three approaches: (1) the allegory of â€Å"the cave† (2) the metaphor of the â€Å"divide line† (3) and the doctrines â€Å"the forms†. The cave tells us that most of the people who are living in the cave, in the dark has converted to salvation because of the knowledge that they acquire. The â€Å"divided line† visualizes the levels of knowledge in a more systematic way. Plato states that there are four stages of the knowledge development. (1) Imagining, which tells us that the looks or appearance seen as true reality. For example an art, which tells us that what we have seen is not necessarily what, you get. (2) Belief, Plato gives us the idea of seeing the reality does not always believe. We have the strong conviction of what we see but not with absolute certainty. (3) Thinking, it is believe the visible world and move into intelligible world which it stands for the power of mind. Plato wants to see all things as they really are so we can see that all things are interconnected. (4) The development stage of the knowledge due to thinking. The third Approach is â€Å"the Forms† are the highest levels of reality. The forms are called ideas. These are independent existing entities whose existence and nature are graspable only by the mind, even though they are not depend on being so grasped in order to exist A person is in then stage of immaturity, when theory of knowledge takes place he will undergo such different stages like at first he will see what is the source and problem of its immaturity understanding what is immaturity will mean a process that under go such enlightenment. After understanding and knowing the problem he will go to the next stage which is by visualizing the level of knowledge of being immature. He can have a research or he can conduct a qouestion and answer so that he can get some opinion so that it can help a lot in defining the problem of being immature. For instance, what distinguishes real knowledge from mere opinion? The real knowledge is based on the logic, the laws and the methods of reason that we use to understand the universe (Velasquez, 1999) By getting such knowledge and analyzing of what category or level he can create a new solution in order of getting out of being immature.Thingking of the possible solution and ideas is the last satge of getting out of being immature.This process or step of solving ones problem is an example of theory of knowledge which can be apply to enlightenment.In any of the different stages they are interconnected to one another so that it can create a good solution which enlightens on a person. There is a given change of such enlightenment. For Parmenides, Change is the confusion of the appearance (motion) with reality (permanence) and therefore the change is simply an illusion. Reality is the basis of truth (knowledge) where as changes produces only opinion (lack of knowledge). Although the senses tells us that the things appear to change and therefore things do change, our reason can distinguish the truth from that which appear to be true. When reasons say reality must be single permanent substances, then there can be no change. (Hankinson, 1998) Plato’s theory of knowledge leads us down many roads, but we see the same theme through out: the light to dark; ignorant to educate: reality to really real.The theory of knowledge imparts us that in every circumstances in life there is a solution. In every situation that we have there is an appropriate answer. Having a knowledge or education gives us the true meaning of reality and real.That is when enlightenment takes place. When we have already the knowledge and reasons we know now how to handle and solve on any situation that we have.   Enlightenment is one of important part in our life to have a sense of direction. If we can apply the the different stages of theory of knowledge and integrate it   to its process of enl;ightenment there is a good way that humanities can have the truth , the reality, and the essence of having a knowledge.Believing to the knowledge that we have and through by the grace we can struggle and survive in any situation that we have. Velasquez, Manuel â€Å"Philosophy: A text with readings†. New York: Wadsworth publishing company, 1999. Hankinson, RJ.† Cause and Explanation in Ancient Greek Thought†. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998. â€Å"Human Knowledge and Human Nature: A new introduction to an Ancient Debate Oxford University Press, 1992   ISBN 0-19-875101-X ISBN 0-19-875102-8 (pbk.) http://www.philosophy.umd.edu/Faculty/pcarruthers/HKHN-Conclusion.htm â€Å"Augustinian Knowledge Of theory† http://www.users.bigpond.com/seckington/Augustinian%20Knowledge.htm What is Enlightenment ? (Quest-ce que les Lumià ¨res ?), in Rabinow (P.), à ©d., The Foucault Reader, New York, Pantheon Books, 1984, pp. 32-50. http://foucault.info/documents/whatIsEnlightenment/foucault.whatIsEnlightenment.en.html

An Analysis Of Cigarette Ignition Environmental Sciences Essay

An Analysis Of Cigarette Ignition Environmental Sciences Essay Hydrogen or deuterium gas when mixed with air or oxygen forms a highly flammable mixture over a wide range of proportions; they also form flammable mixtures with chlorine and the oxides of nitrogen, further, they will also react spontaneously with fluorine and chlorine trifluoride. Because it is impossible to guarantee that any system will be completely leak free every effort should be made to exclude all sources of ignition. The designer and the user should give careful consideration to the risk from a wide variety of ignition sources e.g. smoking, flames, hot surfaces, electrical and other sparking, static electricity, shock, impact, catalytic and chemical action. , Thus petrol vapour mixed with air has a lower flammability limit of just over 1% and an upper limit of 6% by volume petrol vapour in air, at normally encountered temperatures. Concentrations below the lower limit are said to be lean mixtures and those above the upper limit rich mixtures Flammability For flammable liquids with flash point temperatures above normal ambient, e.g., kerosene, white spirit and diesel oil, an ignition source has to ignite not only the flammable mixture of fuel vapour but to generate this mixture in the first place by heating the bulk liquid. Ignition delay A further factor in the mechanism of ignition of gases and vapours is the ignition delay time or induction period, that is the time period between bringing a potentially flammable mixture to a condition where it will ignite, Ignition delay times are dependent on temperature and are reduced with an increase in temperature. Cigarette composition and combustion Composition The most commonly encountered, manufactured cigarette consists of a cylindrical packed bed of 1 g of shredded tobacco enclosed in paper and is generally 8 mm in diameter and 65 mm to 85 mm long. The strands of tobacco are non-uniformly packed and the volume of the cigarette consists of about 75 percent free space. Often a smoke filter is attached and this is typically 20 mm long and contains cellulose acetate, paper fibres and sometimes charcoal. The Virginia tobacco typically used in the manufacture of British cigarettes contains less than 0.1 % of nitrates. One obvious difference in their burning characteristics is that hand-rolled cigarettes tend to go out unless puffed by the smoker, whereas a cigarette with tightly packed tobacco will smoulder for about twenty minutes with no assistance from the smoker. The experimental work reported here and the discussion relates to manufactured cigarettes. The smoke itself consists of mainstream smoke, from the maximum gas phase temperature (850Â °C) was at the centre butt end of the cigarette during suction by a smoker, and. sidestream smoke during the smoking cycle. The term used here for the suction or drawing process during smoking is puffing of the cigarette. One puff of a cigarette is, there- the fore, one suction or draw by the smoker. There are two main regions at the tip on the coal, namely the combustion zone A and the pyrolysis and distillation zone B. Combustible vapours are produced in zone B prior to ignition in zone A In the interval between puffs, the natural convection flow of air around the combustion coal in an upwards direction sustains burning, and forms the sidestrearn smoke. Baker [33] employed two different methods of measurement, one for the solid phase and one for the gas phase, and his results are generally accepted as being representative of the temperatures encountered inside a burning cigarette tip. smoking machine, taking a 35 cm3 volume of 2 sec duration, once per minute of both the gas and solid phases, were determined. These temperatures can, therefore, be regarded as approaching the maximum attained during the drawing of a cigarette surprisingly, the maximum solid phase temperature in the area region of 900Â °C-950Â °C was attained at the points of maximum air flow, i.e., 0.2 mm to 1 mm forward of the paper burn line. This is the area of the cigarette where a distinct pale red glow can be seen when a cigarette is puffed. The maximum gas phase temperature (850Â °C) was at the centre of the cigarette coal. Ignition of gases and vapours by hot surfaces Although the tip of a cigarette cannot be treated simply as a hot surface in a discussion about its potential to ignite substances, it is useful to consider such an ignition source and the combustion parameters involved. Powell has reviewed much detailed experimental work on hot surface ignition [42], and the results provide an insight into some of the reasons for ignition or otherwise of flammable gas and vapour mixtures by a lighted cigarette. Some of the factors involved in the ignition of flammable mixtures of vapour or gas by hot surfaces are: temperature of heated surface; contact time of gas and surface; movement of gas; composition of surface; shape and size of surface; chemical nature of substance; ignition delay time. Ignition of gases and vapours by lighted cigarettes Experiments carried out at the US Bureau of Mines found that a smoked (puffed) cigarette would only ignite methane air mixture if the latter were caused to flow across the glowing cigarette at 1000 ft per min. Attempts were made to ignite propane, petrol and butane with lighted cigarettes without success and similar results were obtained with white spirit Laboratory studies of ignition by a lighted cigarette were carried out by Yockers and Segal testing the liquids carbon disulphide, ethyl ether, benzene, toluene, xylene, acetone, methylethylketone, amylacetate, ethylacetate, ethyl benzene, ethanol, methanol, petroleum ether, gasoline and Stoddard solvent (white spirit) [50]. They suggested that it might be thought that a cigarette would ignite these substances as their ignition temperatures were lower than those encountered in the burning tip of a cigarette. Carbon disulphide was readily ignited and ignition also occurred during one of the tests with toluene. Ignition of toluene could not be achieved, however, in several subsequent tests under the conditions which prevailed during the one ignition. It was speculated that this one ignition was perhaps owing to a hot spot when a solid chunk of tobacco seems to spit or sizzle. (It was later suggested that as some tobaccos in the USA contain nitrates, a concentration of this substance could give rise to a hot spot as described in Yockers and Segals paper.) They also tried without success to ignite natural gas (mostly methane), butane and acetylene. Carbon disulphide, acetylene, ethylene oxide, hydrogen sulphide and hydrogen phosphide were readily ignited. Diethyl ether was ignited but only in a closed vessel and after a long delay. Included in the substances which were not ignited were methane, butane, benzene, hexane and cyclohexane. In 1989 scientists at the Research and Technology Division of British Gas studied the effects of lighted cigarettes on methane and ethylene. Six tests were carried out wit smoked cigarettes in natural gas-air mixtures over a concentration range of 5.6% (v/v) to 9.6% (v/v) natural gas in air; tests were also carried out with ethylene-air mixtures Flammability limits The low values of the upper flammable limits of methane, gasoline and propane suggest that in the burning tip of the cigarette or indeed at the surface, oxygen is not present in a sufficient concentration to allow ignition. At the temperatures encountered (700Â °C to 950Â °C), the upper limit would be much higher than those quoted for ambient temperatures but insufficient oxygen molecules are present. Some regions of the cigarette coal are virtually depleted of oxygen and in other areas less than 10% oxygen by volume was measured. In addition to this, carbon dioxide is produced during the combustion of the tobacco and it has been shown by Jones et a1 [54] that gasoline vapour-air-carbon dioxide mixtures are non-flammable when the concentration of carbon dioxide in the mixture exceeds 28.9% by volume. Although some combustible gases such as carbon monoxide and hydrogen are produced, inside the cigarette coal there is a reducing atmosphere depleted in oxygen. A cigarette tip does not, therefore, have sufficient heat energy both to strip off vapour from the liquid surface and to ignite the air vapour mixture produced. Auto-ignition temperature For a burning cigarette, a given parameter involved in the combustion process cannot be discussed in isolation from the others but for ignition by hot surfaces the number of these factors is reduced. It has been found that at the temperatures encountered in a cigarette where the smoulder is stable (ca 700Â °C to 775Â °C) ignition of methane and gasoline by a hot surface in this temperature range is highly unlikely. For methane, temperatures in excess of 1,000C are needed for ignition. Temperatures in the region of 900Â °C to 950Â °C are generated when a cigarette is puffed, so even at this elevated temperature methane would not be expected to be ignited. During the puff of a cigarette in a flammable atmosphere there will be a continuous flow of fuel and air drawn into the combustion zone. Only substances with short ignition delay times, of around 1 millisec or less, at the temperatures encountered in the cigarette, will be expected to be ignited. For substances with long ignition delay times cooler reactants would be swept into the path of reacting fuel and oxygen molecules, before a flame could propagate through the mixture. Namely that methane and gasoline constituents are not ignited, diethyl ether is but after a long delay and hydrogen and carbon disulphide are ignited. Quenching distance The ignition of flammable gases and vapours will probably take place in the airlgas space between the glowing tobacco fibres. It is possible that some substances are ignited in this region but the flame does not propagate to the flammable gas outside the cigarette. Guest [44] found that some surfaces, which formed a layer of scale or ash, e.g., iron or impure carbon, did not ignite natural gas mixtures with ease, and that surfaces which were strongly catalytic or possessed an interstitial structure required higher temperatures. This latter effect could be similar to the flame arresting property of a fine-mesh wire gauze (e.g., as in the Davy Lamp). Heat is conducted away by the gauze from the reacting gaslair mixture, lowering the temperature of the reactants and preventing the progression of flame to unburned fuellair mixture. This phenomenon is related to the quenching distance of the fuel and these distances for stoichiometric mixtures of fuels (at 20Â °C and one atmosphere) tested by cigarettes are given in Table 2 [57] and [58]. The substances which are ignited by a cigarette have the shortest quenching distances. These are the substances where, because of their reactivity, the loss of heat or destruction of reacting molecules at a boundary is not significant until the dimensions of the boundary are small. As with the other parameters discussed, this alone cannot provide an explanation why some substances are ignited and others are not. For example diethyl ether, which is ignited by cigarettes, has a greater quenching distance than hexane, which is not ignited.

The Israeli and Palestinian Conflict Essay -- Middle East Conflict War

The Israeli and Palestinian Conflict - Many Questions, Few Answers Unless the Israelis and Palestinians could not compromise, negotiate and come to an agreement, peace is impossible in the Middle East and even the security fence that Israel is now building will not solve the conflict nor stop terrorist actions by Palestinian extremists. The Israelis and Palestinians need to compromise and negotiate, as suggested by the words written on that wall, â€Å"Peace comes (with) agreement not separation.† The leaders of both sides of the conflict should think of the future generations. They should agree to disagree –meaning that they should come to terms and pour out all their grievances, the cause and root of their anger and go beyond that anger to think of a solution that both sides would agree upon. They should decide what is best for their people and the land they would both like and wish to call home. Historically, the land being fought by the Israelis and Palestinians never experienced any peace at all. Palestine was occupied and fought by different groups, Ottoman and the Roman Empires, and the Crusaders. In late 19th century, the population of Palestine was mostly Arabs, nomads, and some Jews but that soon changed. In Europe, Jews were being persecuted so leaders of European Jews gathered in Switzerland to form the Zionist movement. The goal of Zionism was to â€Å"create for the Jewish people a home in Palestine secured by public law.† The slogan, â€Å"A land without people for a people without land† by Dr. Chaim Weizmann, a Zionist leader successfully helped support the Zionist movement’s goal. And under the British government who occupied and governed Palestine at that time and with the Balfour Declaration, a Jewish homeland was established in Palestine. The Balfour Declaration allowed migration of Jews to Palestine during World War I, which led to anti-Jewish riots by the Palestinians. The Palestinians felt more betrayed and reacted badly when more European Jews who were escaping Nazi persecution, were allowed to migrate to Palestine during and after the World War II. They demanded an independent Palestinian state. They attacked British troops and posts, as well as Jewish settlements. The settlers counterattacked and retaliated while at the same time, the British escalated its oppressive measures against the Palestinians by destroying their homes and sentencin... ...e so-called leaders in Palestine and Israel and some here at the US don’t want peace in that land at all. They have their own agenda and interest to protect at all cost. The Palestinians’ hatred of Jews would extend even beyond Israel. Palestinian supporters from the Arab and Muslim world saw the biases, prejudice and injustice done to the Palestinian people. The United States with its support of Israel became a victim of this hatred and vengeance with the terrorist attack on September 11, 2001. Thousands of lives and billions of dollars of properties were lost. Is peace possible in the Middle East? Would the wall being built by the Israeli government protect its people from Palestinians violence and terrorism? Is there a possibility of an independent Palestinian state? Could there be a solution to the Palestinian problem and its refugees? Could the illegal Israeli settlements of Palestinian lands be ever resolved or removed? Could the Palestinians and Israelis ever live together in peace? Would there be a leader on both sides who could lead their people to make peace to each other? These are the questions that are hard to answer with the ongoing situation in the Middle East.

Essay --

Executive Summary Before adopting the euro as the official currency in 2001, Greece was one the stable European economies. The early stages of the currency transition worked very well for Greece. However, the state later fell into financial crisis, which has not only affected Greece’s government, but also the entire European countries and their trading partners, such as the United States. Therefore, the Greece financial crisis has become a global concern with the United States Congress, making it a continuous concern brought about by trading partnership, United Banks exposure, and the involvement of the International Monetary Fund institutions. The Greece financial crisis could have been controlled, had it not been for the malicious acts by countries such as Germany and France, which were already using more than the limit at that time. Several nations have both supported and opposed the financial support towards responding to the Greece financial crisis. Nevertheless, it is clear that withdrawi ng from the Eurozone or defaulting the debt would have had many devastating effects on the Greece market investors, the European Union, the European Central Bank, and the European trading partners. The Greek Prime Minister Papandreou has been under great pressure from the opposition, as his parliament passed the austerity measures, which have contradicted his campaign manifesto. However, the search for a lasting solution to help Greece regain its economic stability have continuously formed debate agenda in different political and economic platforms in European and global forums 1- Introduction The Eurozone is facing a serious severing debt crisis. Several member states of the European community have high, potentially unsustainable levels of... ...ded with the correct measures. The debt continued to pile to amounts that Greece could no longer afford to repay on its own. Several response strategies have been employed to help reestablish the Greece economic conditions to levels before the crises. However, these efforts have only achieved helping the Greece government to avoid the default. These response strategies include Fiscal Consolidation and Economic Reforms in Greece. Banks also aided Greece in getting out of the crises. The European Union Central Bank and the International Monetary Fund gave loans to Greece market investors. The Federal Reserve (Fed) also supported the response to the crisis through the establishment of temporary reciprocal currency arrangements referred to as swap lines with several central banks in the Eurozone in a bid to increase the liquidity of the dollar in the global economy. â€Æ'

Jurassic Park :: essays research papers

Jurassic Park, by Michael Crichton is an incredible book, which describes genetic engineering and the creation of an extinct species. Michael Crichton uses marvelous detail throughout the book. As great as the book is, it is not that appropriate for children who are 15 and under because of the gore, description, violence, and obscenities through out the story. Jurassic Park is a great book. Michael Crichton uses such descriptive detail, that you could picture everything that is going on like you are watching a movie. There is not one moment of boredom in the book. Every second something new is happening or another problem in the park occurs. These things make the book very hard to put down. Jurassic Park is a marvelous book with a great plot. Yet, later it becomes inappropriate for children. The first thing that makes Jurassic Park not appropriate for young children is that it is amazingly gory. Michael Crichton describes people and animals being killed in a very descriptive manner. When Dennis Nedry, the computer programmer, was on his way to the dock to deliver frozen dinosaurs embryos to another genetic engineering company, a concrete barrier was in his way. He got out of his car and started to run into the jungle. When he reached the jungle river, he heard a soft hooting cry. When he turned around, he saw a dilophasaur standing directly in front of him. Suddenly, the dilophasaur spit at him. The novel refers to this by saying, â€Å"Nedry†¦felt an excruciating pain in his eyes, stabbing like spikes in the back of his skull.† It then says, â€Å"Slowly the realization came to him. He was blind†¦Then there was a new searing pain like a fiery knife in his belly, and then Nedry stumbled†¦then there was a new pain on both sides of his head. The pain grew worse, and as he was lifted to his feet he knew the dinosaur had his head in its jaws, and the horror of that realization was followed by a final wish, that it would all be ended soon (p. 196).† This demonstrates the horrifying description in the book. Another gory scene was when Ed Regis was swallowed by the juvenile T-rex. The book describes this by saying, â€Å"Regis yelled, and the juvenile ducked his head, and Regis began to scream. No words just a high pitch scream. The scream cut off abruptly, and when the juvenile lifted his head, Grant saw ragged flesh in his jaws (page 216).

Harvard Case Study McDonald’s

Question 1: Which company orientation (product, production, selling or market) can best describe McDonald’s activities? What makes you think so? In the case of McDonald’s activities the company orientation is selling and I will explain why. In first I’ll explain what is the selling orientation, and in second why it’s the McDonald orientation. If we look at the definition in the book â€Å"Marketing Management† the selling philosophy or orientation is â€Å"a focus on making sales rather than understanding the customers† and it’s based on an â€Å"aggressive selling and promotion effort†.So we can understand that the selling philosophy is to sell, sell and sell and make money. Now that you know the definition, take a look on McDonald. Before to talk directly about McDonald let’s see the history of Ray Kroc and his dream. The dream of Ray Kroc was to become rich and make money, like we can read in the case he starts to sell milkshakes and the most than he could sell. The way of life and the wishes of Ray Kroc has been transmitted in his firm. When he created McDonald with the brothers they tried to impose McDonald all over the world with a lot of restaurants and to avoid the potential competitors.It worked during a long time but today it’s not the case because the customer’s needs change and McDonald has some difficulties to continue in this way. So we can see that McDonald uses the selling philosophy. Question 2: To date, McDonald’s has avoided diversification into unrelated food retailing operations as well as non-food options. Discuss the desirability of such diversification efforts. McDonald’s has avoided diversification into unrelated food retailing operations as well as non food options cause of different things.The image of McDonald in consumer’s minds is related to food and especially fast food, maybe McDonald didn’t have the skills to manage new produ cts unrelated to food and to finish it’s more easier for McDonald to focus the resources on one way and the best way for them it’s simplify the system. Let’s talk about more generally about the diversification and especially about the advantages and disadvantages. The advantages are different by activity’s sector but let’s see some example.The diversification can make a growth relay (after specialization) (Ex: Club Med in Club Med World or Club Med Gym in the past and now in a real estate program). It could reduce risk (Fram and hotels Framissima). It also could stabilize a seasonal activity. The disadvantages are a management more complex, news environments and competitors, it could make a dilution of the identity and image in consumer’s mind and workers and a dispersion of company’s resources. Question 3: How do you explain the reluctance of competitors to imitate the successful efforts of another firm in their industry?Under which circumstances is imitation likely to be considered? Generally companies are reluctant to emulate the successful efforts of a company in their industry because it requires significant investment that does not necessarily guarantee a positive result. Moreover, it does not let the consumer realizes the imitation so as not to pass an imitator in consumer’s mind. But it’s possible to imitate in this way when there is a monopole on a sector to put some competition. In this case the company who imitates if she has a competitive advantage regarding the other firm can take a place in market.In the case of high technology like in mobile phone market (imitations of the I phone). In the case the competitors comes in the market cause of the weaknesses of McDonald and the need of consumers. Question 4: What do you think is McDonald’s short-term and long-term potential? What makes you think so? McDonald is a really important brand all around the world and everyone knows it. It ’s the second most important in term of number of restaurant all around the world behind Subway. Even if some persons criticized this firm I think it’s impossible for it to disappear even on long time.The fact is in short term if McDonald doesn’t react to the consumer’s needs and the needs of the franchisees the firm will continue to loose money. They were too much time the number one and they have ignored the consumer’s needs. Now competitors appear on the market and win some market share. We can notice that McDonald was the first real fast food in consumer’s mind and that’s also why McDonald is the target of consumer’s associations and movies like â€Å"Super size me†. But every time McDonald reacts and is still alive. So in long term McDonald should be more attentive to the consumer’s need and it will be ok.

Building Construction for the Fire Service

In the aspect of social community safety and welfare, incidence of fire disaster is indeed viewed to be very critical and damaging for the people. Primarily, this disaster posts danger to the people as it present injuries and even death to afflicted individuals and also, fire disaster posts certain damages to valuable life properties and social construction.Indeed, fire disasters are dangerous and very disadvantageous thus, the people must exert efforts and resource to prevent this problem from occurring and causing problems for the people. There are actually many new ways and technological advancement that have created to address the need of the society towards safety and security against the fire disaster. One of which is the development of the water sprinkler system in the social construction such as houses, buildings and other private and public construction.The system of water sprinkler is indeed an efficient and effective innovation for public safety as countless fire disasters have already been prevented by this creation. Consider primarily the beneficial that this system offers to the society. First, the water sprinkler system is automatic through its sensors thus, fire incidences can be premature prevented before it even destroy valuable property or inflict danger to the people.Second, modern innovations have developed this system to be more efficient thus, the aspect of water problem can be minimized. Indeed, the water sprinkler system installation is an effective means to prevent the dangers of fire disaster thus, the mandatory state of this installation need must be establish in each local community. As some people may argue, water sprinkler system also has its flaws and adverse issue yet, these people must consider first the question: â€Å"What if there is no water sprinkler system?† Indeed, this scenario would be much more problematic and adverse for the people as even the simplest fire originating form small sparks or friction can create a major fire disaster destroying valuable and even priceless infrastructures and property. What is more important that each community must consider when evaluating the need for the said system is the value and importance of people’s lives and their safety. Thus, the installation of the water sprinkler systems is an important addition to the basic construction elements for each private and public buildings and dom