Athena In The Odyssey - 1592 Words

The story of homer s epic poem the The Odyssey takes place ten years after the Trojan War is over. There are many heroes of the war that come home to their families, however there are even more that are lost through the long struggling years of the war. Of the few who stayed behind, Odysseus goes through battle after battle, problem after problem, and has had the most trouble coming home. The story opens in the tenth year since the war has ended, almost 20 years since our mighty hero Odysseus went to war and left his palace, his wife Penelope, and even his infant son Telemachus behind. Telemachus grew up without a father wondering if Odysseus will ever return home. The story of the Odyssey captures the reunion between long lost†¦show more content†¦It is through her they learn the qualities that define a hero. From her first act of assistance to her final peacemaking, she is largely responsible for the creation and conclusion of the plot. Telemachus daydreams before meeting Athena for the first time (B1:L134-136). Growing up without his father Odysseus, the only knowledge Telemachus knows of him are only the stories told him by his consorts. With all the suitors roaming freely through the great halls of his father s palace, chasing after his mother Penelope s hand in marriage, Prince Telemachus is left hopeless to stop them. Athena uses her great skills of strategy and wisdom to quickly find a way to inspire our hero Telemachus to journey to find his father. She shapes shifts into Odysseus old friend Mentes, and predicts that Odysseus is still alive and that he will soon return to Ithaca. â€Å"Take my words to heart. At daybreak summon the islands lords to full assembly, give your orders to all and call the gods to witness sail in quest of news of your long- lost father, Athena declared (B1:L315-325). With these words of encouragement, Athena uses her disguise to influence the prince to find his father. If it not for Athena, Telemachus might have taken his father for dead and encouraged his mother to marry one of her suitors. The journey is also important because the journey of Telemachus plays an important part of him becoming a man on his own. When Telemachus reachesShow MoreRelatedAthena In Homers Odyssey : The Persuasiveness Of Athena1480 Words   |  6 PagesA Father’s Daughter: The Persuasiveness of Athena in The Odyssey In Homer’s The Odyssey the reader is introduced to a number of powerful women, who, as per the social rules of the time, are expected to bend to the whim of their male counterparts. These women, while persuasive and cunning, fall victim to the patriarchal status of Greek society; Penelope, wife of Odysseus and mother of Telemachus, must obey the word of her son; the nymph Calypso must obey the command of Zeus through Hermes; NausicaaRead MoreHow Is Athena A Hero In The Odyssey976 Words   |  4 PagesThe Odyssey is a fascinating epic poem consisting of twenty-four books all written by Homer. It is based on a Greek hero named Odysseus, who spends twenty years away from his family. Odysseus was in a battle against the Trojans in the Trojan War for the first ten years. Then, another ten years of painful obstacles was added due to his boastful attitude towards the gods and goddesses. When returning back to Ithaca, Odysseus encounters numerous of hardships with the help of the go ddess, Athena. HeRead MoreAthena And Gender Roles During The Odyssey1776 Words   |  8 PagesAllen Professor T. Carlisle English 212-044 October 05,2017 Research paper intro and thesis and work cited Athena and Gender Roles in the Odyssey The expectations of gender roles had a great impact on women in classical Greek society. In Ancient Greece, women were banned from entering the battlefield because warfare was seen more suitable for men, it is where they would show their strengths, physical courage and power. Women had no power or say as far as giving orders, their role was to stand behindRead More Penelope, Clytaemestra, Athena, and Helen of Homer’s Odyssey1448 Words   |  6 PagesThe Ideal Women of Homer’s Odyssey      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ancient Greek society treated women as secondary citizens. Restrictions were placed on the social and domestic actions of many aristocratic women in ancient Athens.   The women depicted in Homers Odyssey, on the other hand, are the ideal.   Penelope, Clytaemestra, Athena, and Helen are all women with exceptional liberty and power.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Before comparing the women of the Odyssey to those of Athens, it is beneficial to take a look into the livesRead MoreAthena in the Odyssey vs. Virgil in the Inferno Essay1500 Words   |  6 PagesAthena in the Odyssey VS. Virgil in the Inferno Two of the greatest works ever written, The Odyssey by Homer and The Inferno by Dante, are detailed, multi-sectioned poems about the journey’s of two men. In each story, the main character is given some sort of guidance by another character in order to aid them in their travels. In The Odyssey, Athena is portrayed as the protector to Odysseus on his journey back home from the Trojan War to his family in Ithaca. In The Inferno, Virgil is requestedRead MoreDivine intervention dealing with Greek myths, especially The Odyssey and The Iliad.1474 Words   |  6 Pagesexemplifies this is the great goddess Athena. This daughter of Zeus impacted everyone that she came across. The character Athena is splashed over Greek works. However, there are specific pieces of Greek literature that tell a great deal about this fiery goddess. This is not a passive goddess. This is an active, involved goddess who, in both the Iliad and the Odyssey, assumes divine leadership and challenges even Zeus himself. In The Odyssey and other Greek myths, Athena is an essential character and contributesRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s Odyssey, The Epic Of The Classical Era Essay1585 Words   |  7 PagesPaper Assignment 1 Prompt 1 Homer’s Odyssey is one of the many epic of the classical era to give an detailed overlook on the relationship between humans and gods. Odyssey is not just an adventure story about a king struggling to get back home after having gone to war; nor is it one about a son searching for his father after rumors say that he has been dead for many years. The events that take place in Homer’s Odyssey are heavily influenced by the Greek Gods. One can see how the gods interactionRead MoreThe Iliad and the Odyssey1510 Words   |  7 Pagesand the Odyssey are two classic stories told by Homer. Within these two stories the roles of the gods are very important to the story line and how they affect the characters throughout. In the Iliad, more gods are involved with the characters whereas in the Odyssey there are only two major gods that affect two major characters. The roles of the gods in the Iliad are through two different stances of immortal versus immortal and mortal versus immort al. The roles of the gods in the Odyssey are throughRead More Divine Intervention: Athenas Role in The Odyssey Essay1593 Words   |  7 Pagesintegral part of ancient epic poetry as seen in Homers The Odyssey. The role of the goddess Athena was an essential part of Odysseuss journey back to Ithaka. Athena also played a vital part in Telemakhoss life before the return of his father. Even Penelope is impacted by the help of the grey-eyed goddess, often inspiring Penelope to hold off the suitors as well as putting her to sleep when a situation became too difficult. Athena demonstrates that she is a critical component of developmentRead MoreThe Effects Of Cultural And Religious Diversity On The World1701 Words   |  7 PagesDivinity. Investigation of the Ancient Greek religion and the religion of the Hebrews provides evidence about the different and similar patterns in human-Divinity interrelationships, as exemplified by Odysseus and Athena as well as Job and God. The research of two ancient texts, Odyssey and Bible, show that the power and influence of the Hebrews’ God is more significant than the power and influence of any particular god in the Ancient Greek Olympus, which makes the human and the Divinity more distant

Social learning approach Free Essays

Personality can be defined as a hypothetical concept that constitute those relatively stable and enduring aspects of an individual which distinguishes them from other people making them unique, but which at the same time permit a comparison between individual. There are various approaches that conceptualize personality. These are; the psychoanalytic perspective, the trait theory, behaviorist (learning) theory, humanistic theories cognitive and biological approaches. We will write a custom essay sample on Social learning approach or any similar topic only for you Order Now This paper however will explore the behavioral and social learning theory approaches to personality. The focus will be in comparing and contrasting them and relating them to a personal personality disorder. The social learning theory is an approach that argues that we learn through imitation, modeling, and observation of other people behavior. If we observe a good behavior from other people, we are likely to behave well but if we observe bad behavior from them we behave badly. Albert Bandura is considered a major proponent of this theory. This approach also considers the environmental factors claiming they reinforce modeling. An individual can be reinforced directly by a model for example; a student can dress like other to fit in their group. A third person can also reinforce modeling. for example; a teacher may praise a certain student making the others to model him. It is also possible to imitate the behavior itself. For example; a student may play football during his leisure time influencing another to model the behavior. Social learning theory argues that reinforcement and punishment are necessary in learning. They influence the level at which a person demonstrates a learnt behavior. They argue that moral judgment concerning the right or wrong is modeled. Bandura outlined from major condition for modeling to occur; paying attention, remembering, ability to replicate, and motivation. Modeling leads to acquisition of new behavior, affects the frequency of embarking a learner behavior, encourages a forbidden behavior and increases the frequency of a similar behavior. They emphasize of self regulation in personality development. For example; setting own goals, self observation, self judgment and self reaction (Ormrod, J. E1999) The behavioral approach in personality assessment argues that personality can be acquired through observation. It put the environment accountable to personality difference among people. It assumes that we can understand other people by observing how they behave. It also argues that a response to certain stimuli molds behavior. Learning can occur though conditioning in both human and non human animals. It also assumes that all human are equal at birth. We are born a tabula rasa – empty slit – as we grow, the environmental factors molds our personality. Proponents of this approach include Skinners’ (1957) operant condition theory, Pavlov (1936) conditioning theory and Watson (1958). (Axialis Team 2008) Both the social learning and behavioral theories emphasize on observation learning to personality acquisition. They consider environmental factors that influence our personality. They also consider reinforcement and punishment an important factor in learning. However, social learning theory argues that learning is possible without necessarily changing the behavior. This contrast the behavioral approach that argues that learning must be represented by a permanent change in behavior. Social learning assumes people can learn through observation alone and which might not affect their performance thus may not or may impact behavior change. This contrasts the behavioral approach which assumes learning must involve a permanent change in behavior as well conditioning necessity in learning. Modeling, imitation and observation cannot be assumed in behavioral acquisition. Environmental factors too are very important in personality assessment. These two approaches consider this. They both make a step to explain broader personality to include the animals. On the other hand, we cannot assume the thought processes, unobservable activities, biological and genetic factors in personality assessment and which they assume. Conditioning approach can be useful in explaining how we develop a habit how we model it, who influence us towards the habit and how we can stop the habit. In my early stages of life, I used to like toys very much. My parent would make sure that they bought me. Initially, my elder brother used to like them too. My parents would buy him every time he performed better in school. He would spend time with them on his free time. He motivated my love for toys. When I started going to school, my parents adopted a similar strategy in buying me toys. It was not after I destroyed one like before, but after I performed better in school. I remember I had a hard time to adapt to this. Previously I mishandled them; after all they would buy me if damaged. This time round, it was based on performance. I wasn’t a good performer but I had to work hard to get some new toys. If I didn’t perform well, the punishment was ‘no toy’. As time went by, my performance deteriorated. My parents withdrew their reinforcement. At the long run, there were no more new toys. The old ones were not pleasant at all. I hated them. My performance currently is better but I hate toys. In the behavioral view, I observed the habit from my brother and learnt it, the environmental factors, my parent, influenced me to possess the habit of destroying them in order to be bought some new. I was reinforced to work harder to get new toys. The negative stimulus, the punishment, was not to be bought new toys. The aversive stimulus was my parent’s withdrawal of new toys when my performance decreased. I later stopped liking toys a result of the negative reinforcement. In the social learning view, I learnt the habit from observing my brother; he used his free time well. My brother was my role model. I paid attention to his habit, I rehearsed and was able to replicate the way he handled and treated the toys. However, my parent motivated me by realizing my habit and therefore bought me some more toys. I did not permanently adapt the behavior implying that learning does not necessarily change behavior. Social learning approach best describes my personality I was able to observe, pay attention, rehearse and replicate my brother’s behavior thus influencing my personality. I was able to regulate myself in settling my goals, observe and make my own judgment and choose my reaction from my parent’s move towards my habit. These theories explore the complexity of human nature. Whichever dimension they take as long as it explain personality assessment, is worth credential. However, if these approaches are merged they would have a better explanation to personality assessment. How to cite Social learning approach, Essays

Parents should be Responsible Children Violate Laws

Question: Discuss about the Article for Parents should be Responsible for Children Violate Laws. Answer: Introduction As per parental responsibility legislations, there are laws which actually hold parents liable criminally for any negligence or not controlling a childs illicit acts. Basically the statute is not holding parents for the criminal acts of the child but for not controlling the child adequately. At the state, social and municipal levels this is a popular statute and is one of the many ways societies are contemplating how to reduce juvenile criminalist acts in kids. The basic concept behind this is that children who are living with their parents gets affected and strongly impacted by the activities of the parents. In USA, legal mechanisms have always help parents accountable for their childrens actions (Cahn, 1996; Humm, 1991). California is the world leader in enactment of punitive parental liability legislations. It introduced the Street Terrorism Enforcement and Prevention Act of the year 1988. Under this legal guardians or parents are liable when there are evidences of inadequate care , protection, supervision and control made on minor child (California Penal Code Section 272). Such punishments can be in the form of fines, misdemeanors to even probation of five years or imprisonment. Nine more states have passed legislations similar to this (Mildon, 1996). It is considered that how a child is born and brought up at home has an impact on the development of his or her mind or thoughts. Styles of Parenting and Its Effect on Children The style in which parents shape up the development of their children is a long lasting source of theory scientists, thinkers, philosophers and parents have been researching about. The outcome of such studies is huge. We have composed it and concluded that there are the following four styles of parenting (Utting, 2007). Psychological speaking these are authoritative, neglectful, permissive and authoritarian. Each of these has a different set of characteristics and builds up different reactions in children. Here we will discuss these styles and their effect on children. Authoritative parenting This is the most beneficial and highly accepted style of parenting. These are parents who have their expectations set very high from their children. However they make adjustments to these expectations keeping the well being of the child in consideration. Children undergoing this style of parenting often show great discipline and behavior in their day to day activities. Neglectful parenting One of the most damaging ways to look after children is being neglectful to their needs. This is different from rest all other ways and here either the parent recognizes, or a family or close friend. In such a situation the child suffers the most showing emotional issues, outbursts, behavioral problems, concentration problems and inability to mix with other children. Permissive parenting Permissive style of parenting has some damaging effects too. These are parents who indulge their children. Responsive but not depending, these parents do not like confrontations and hence become lenient in many demands of the children which they should not. Children of such parenting can show indiscipline and an attitude of not being reasonable or understanding. Authoritarian parenting- The other name given to authoritarian parenting is strict style of parenting. Here there are given less open dialogues in between the child and the parent. There are rules and the child is expected to follow those rules. Children under this style of parenting show a healthy development (Hughes, 2013). There is a need of an ideal parent in the world. A psychological parent can be the answer to this. Psychological parents work on the child on a day to day basis. Using communication, interaction, mutuality, and interplay and exchanging ideas they cover up the psychological and physical needs of their children. They are always there for the financial or emotional support of the child. How one can become a good psychological parent highly depends on how well one can bond emotionally with the child A child up to the age of 7 years is known to be a doli incapax. It means he or she is considered as defense of infancy. Hence during this age they are not responsible for their actions. And this is the right age to mould them to have the best of characters or nature. Education, knowledge, civil and moral sense of responsibility must be ingrained in a child by the parent anytime till he or she is 7 years because this is the time when they accept and believe everything said by a parent (Koocher, 1990). The entire world today is focused on raising and improving development of children in every way possible. A real world example can be given for General Powell who has committed his life and for the past decade have been providing time, financial resource, energy and creativity in improving life of children in the nation. Under the name of Americas Promise Alliance, Powell with his wife Alma Powell is advocating the needs of the younger generation (Anonymous). Parents to be Held Responsible Only Personally, the argument is in favor of the fact that parents should be held responsible for the actions of children. It is believed that it depends highly on the age of the child when he or she makes the crime and depending on that one can hold the parents as responsible. In the real world the right answer highly depends on the State where such an incident has occurred. Numerous cases of children stealing, calling for fake bombs, sexually assaulting or using a shotgun in schools made it call parents to be responsible for their kids actions. Almost 36 States today claims parents are responsible when kids break the law. In Tennessee a small 8 year girl child was shot dead by another 11 year boy kid over a fight for a puppy. During school lunch for a $10, a school boy was stabbed to death in London. High publicized juvenile crimes like shootings in schools have further increased awareness of parental responsibility (Fablo, 2008).There are many States which have adopted statutes of parental responsibility legislations based on their own locations. When such laws will be implemented universally, then it will provide enough data to analyze how effective they are. As per Graham "We have an adult problem, nota children problem .... If we can get our adults together, the children will naturally fall in line" (Graham, 2000). Conclusion From the exterior it is a belief that parents are to be held up for the crime committed by their children as the parents are totally responsible for the upbringing and education of the children. Their actions and behaviors have huge influence over the thought process, beliefs and actions showcased by the children. The primary reason for this is when a child starts learning things the parents are the first people they know and starts understanding. This has given the conception that if children do not behave properly it is because of the parents. If they commit a crime it is also because of the parents. It is considered that maybe parents have neglected them or they are simple bad parents. However there are ample cases that can be proved as evidence that even after parents doing everything for their child, giving them proper care, attention and education that tend to get attracted to the negative and gets tempted to commit a crime at a very young age. In such a situation there is no p oint to blame parents. Parents really do not have a complete control on their children. They cannot be with the children 24 by 7, not at school, not at their art classes and not while they are spending time with other kids on the block. Hence once again to conclude to blame a parent for the crime committed by their children one must look at the age and State where the incident has taken place. One must understand the lifestyle of the family in concern and then come to a fair conclusion. References Cahn, (1996). Pragmatic questions about parental liability statutes. Humm, R. (1991). Criminalizing poor parenting skills as a means to contain violence by and against children. University of Pennsylvania Law Review. Koocher, G. P. Keith- Spiegel, P. C. (1990). Children, Ethics, and the Law: Professional Issues and Cases. Graham. (2000). Parental Responsibility Laws: Let the Punishment Fit the Crime. Utting, D. (2007), Parenting and the different ways it can affect childrens lives: research evidence Hughes, E. (2013), Types of Parenting Styles and How to Identify Yours, Retrieved from https://my.vanderbilt.edu/developmentalpsychologyblog/2013/12/types-of-parenting-styles-and-how-to-identify-yours/Anonymous, Leadership of General Colin Powell and Alma Powell, Retrieved from https://www.americaspromise.org/leadership-general-colin-powell-and-alma-powell

Issues in Policing Response free essay sample

They are often blamed for racial profiling and experience law suits. Officers face death every time they report for duty, they are giving their life. Law enforcement for years has been faced with corruption In the departments, The stress and late night hours of the Job becomes an Issue on a dally basis, affecting family life and at times mentally ruling the officer. Safety Is always an Issue along with the multicultural world we live In. Different cultural backgrounds and language barriers they deal with along with budget cuts, also makes their Job extremely Hellenizing.According to Science Daily (2008), Policing is dangerous work, and the danger lurks not on the streets alone. The pressures of law enforcement put officers at risk for high blood pressure, insomnia, increased levels of destructive stress hormones, heart problems, post-traumatic stress disorder and suicide, researchers have found through a decade of studies of police officers (1). These are some way the mentioned issues affect local, state, and federal law enforcement agencies. We will write a custom essay sample on Issues in Policing Response or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Examples of other affects to agencies would be, corruption, it not only affects law enforcement agencies, the officer, and his department, but it also affects society. Another example is working in a multicultural world affects the meaning, intention and interpretations to law enforcement agencies.

Using a Sample of an Essay Using APA Format

Using a Sample of an Essay Using APA FormatA sample of an essay using APA format is a useful tool when you need to present your argument for a research paper or a report. In fact, APA writing samples can help you prepare an essay even before you begin writing the actual assignment.First, you need to decide the paragraph size. It is important that the document you create is concise and easy to read. By knowing how much information you will need to include in the document, you will be able to write the shortest paragraphs. This will save you time and improve your ability to focus on the primary points of your essay.Second, be sure that your grammar is correct. When you are working on an essay, it is very easy to overlook mistakes in your grammar. You should be especially careful with the punctuation and capitalization of your essay. Using a spell checker is a great idea and an APA writing sample can help you with this as well.Third, you need to be sure that you use sufficient sentence and paragraph breaks throughout the essay. The amount of space between sentences and paragraphs is dependent on the topic of the essay. Be sure that your paragraphs do not turn into lengthy monologues.Fourth, make sure that you introduce the introduction of your paragraph in the correct order. It is also a good idea to keep to a specified number of paragraphs, with the first paragraph at the beginning of the document and the last paragraph ending the document. Do not forget to end your paragraphs on a descriptive note.Fifth, all sentences should be strong. When you are preparing an essay, it is a common mistake to make long and intricate sentences. It is important that your sentences are short and informative, so that they will be easier to understand.Sixth, you need to provide enough information in your paragraphs. The paragraphs should not get too long and do not lose focus. There should be at least one paragraph per paragraph. Try to keep your paragraphs to five to six sentences in length.A sample of an essay using APA format is a great way to learn about the structure, language, and how to write an effective document. All the information you need to present a professional-looking essay can be found online.

Assignment 1 Managerial Finance 650-Ashford Essays

Assignment 1 Managerial Finance 650-Ashford Essays Assignment 1 Managerial Finance 650-Ashford Essay Assignment 1 Managerial Finance 650-Ashford Essay Assignment 1 Closing Case Chapter 4- MBA Decision Keith C. Quarles Managerial Finance Robert Watson 3-26-12 1 Age can play a significant part in the decision whether to keep working or go back to school. A young person can go back to school and still have time to chase a career whereas an older person would have a smaller window of opportunity and may not as willing to chance giving up their livelihood to get a degree. The opportunity costs of leaving the job may be equated in the coming years after graduating considering the added value to the marketability of the student once a degree is attained as reflected in a higher base salary than the previous job which would make the investment a worthy endeavor. Of course the cost of tuition must be added in as an explicit costs. 2 . Maybe the most notably important non quantifiable aspect of the decision is marital status. Other opportunity costs are involved implicitly; namely, quality time with loved ones and the finances toward school that could be used to care for the family. The opportunity costs can be implicitly affected by the individual perception of the value of the alternative(s) foregone versus. the one chosen.. 3 He has three choices; remain at his current job, pursue a Wilton M.B.A. or pursue a Mt. Perry M.B.A. Stay at current job: After tax salary =$55,000 (1-.26 )=$40,700 Given that his salary will grow 3 percent each year the present value of his after-tax salary is : Pv = Cost Pv= $857, 343.20 Wilton MBA : The direct/explicit costs of attending Wilton are the costs of tuition ,books, health insurance, room and board and other supplies. The present value of t he direct costs are : P V of direct expenses = ($65,000 +2,500+3,000+2,000) + ($65,000+2,500 +3,000 +2,500) /1.065 Pv of direct costs = $140,575.12 Next for the lost salarys opportunity costs; Pv o f lost salary=$40,700/( 1 . 0 6 5 ) +$40,700( 1 + 0 3 )/( 1+.065) 2 = $75,176.00 The increase is the present value of his future salary , plus bonus which is: Present value of after tax bonus paid in 2 years= $ 20,000 (1.31) / 1.0652 =$12, 166.90 After ta x salary = $100,000 (1 -. 3 1 ) = $69,000 His salary will grow a t 4 percent per yea r but he will only work 38 years. His present value of his after tax salary is : Pv =$1,640,84. 35 First salary payment is three years from today so we discount for two years to get this value as follows : P v = $1,640,843.35/ 1.0652 Pv =$1,446,664.77 The total value of a Wilton M.B.A. = $140,575.12 75,160 +12,166. 90 +1,446,664.77=$1,246,958.48 Mount Perry MBA : Total direct costs = $75,000 +3,500+3,000 + 2,000 = $83,500 when paid today which makes it the direct cost present value also. P v of indirect costs (lost salary)=$40,700 /(1.065)=$38,215.96 Next we compute his salary:: Pv of after tax bonus paid in 1 year= $16,000 (1- .29 ) /1.065=$10,666.67 Aftertax salary=$88,000(1-.29 )= $62,480 His salary will increase at 3.5 percent/yr sand he will work for 39 years thus the present value of his aftertax salary is:: Pv = $1,399, 292.27 That is the first year salary but the first salary payment is in two years so we discount for one year to find todays value as follows : Pv =$1,399,292.27 /1.065 Pv = $1,313,889.45 Total value of a MT. Perry M.B.A. is: $83,500- 38,215.96 + 10,666.67+ 1,313,889.45 = $1,202,840.16 4 . The future value in this case for each decision will have the highest present value accounted for and also the highest future value. Thus to assume that using the future value for all decision is the best method is incorrect because in this case the present value analysis will give the same answer. . 5 . In order to find the salary offer that would make the Wilton M.B.A. as attractive as his current job we can use the pv of his current job plus the cost of attending Wilton and the after tax pv of the bonus. Calculated as folows:: Pv =$857,343.20 = $13 6 ,697.18 + 75,176.00 +12,166.9 0 + Pv of salary Pv of salary=$1,060,927.42 Given that his current present value of his job salary and the Wilton expenses are equal in costs the present value of the salary in two years when he graduates must be : Value in 2 years=Value today(1+ r )2 Value in 2 years =$1,060 7927.42(1+ 065 ) 2 Value in 2 years= $1,203,330.40 First salary payment: Growing annuity equation calculation Since the after tax salary is $ 5 ,0601.90 the pre tax salary must have been as follows: $50,60. 90 / (1+ 3 1 ) Pre tax salary = $73,336 09 6 . T h e opportunity cost represents the risk associated with choosing one alternative over the other and in this case whether he borrows or or pays cash does not matter in the consideration of the interest rate of the decision.

ACT Reading

How Science/Math People Can Do Well on SAT/ACT Reading SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The reading sections of the SAT and ACT can be intimidating at first glance if you’re more inclined towards math and science than the humanities. All those passages! The horror! Fear not, my number-loving friend. The reading sections of these tests are actually more logic and evidence-based than you might expect. In some cases, your science and math skills can even help you find the correct answers. This article details three strategies for approaching SAT and ACT Reading if you consider yourself a more math and science-oriented student. Strategy 1: Understand the Fundamental Rule It’s crucial that you understand the one fundamental rule of SAT and ACTReading before you take either test as a self-described "science and math person". This rule is that there is only one unambiguously correct answer for every question, and you will be able to find direct evidence in the passage leading to elimination of all other choices.Eliminating answer choices should be a key aspect of your overall strategy. If even one small part of an answer choice doesn’t fit,you have to get rid of it!If you do this right, you should be left with only the correct answer every time.As someone who is more math and science oriented, it may actually be easier for you to eliminate answers that don't line up with evidence in the passage. On the SAT and ACT,you'll never have to do any deep literary analysis of any of the passages. Your approach to the reading sections should be different from the way you approach reading in your English classes. In this case, you can take each passage at face value. Though you'll run into some questions that ask you to look a bit beyond the literal facts of the text, there will always be a chain of direct evidence leading to your answer. Here's an example of an ACT inference question to show you what I mean: It can most reasonably be inferred from the passage that when the narrator says, â€Å"I didn’t see the red, yellow, and purple clusters that meant flowers to me† (lines 30–31), she is most nearly indicating that: A. from her current position, she couldn’t see the old woman’s flowers, which were still growing near the house.B. the flowers grown by the old woman had died because the narrator had stopped watering them.C. the flowers grown by the old woman had been cut down when Eugene’s father mowed the lawn.D. the weeds that had grown up in the old couple’s lawn had intertwined with the flowers, making the flowers hard to see. Despite the fact that this question is asking us to make an inference, we can still eliminate most of the choices because of the evidence found in the passage. The full sentence referenced in the question reads: The father had spent several days mowing, and when he finished, from where Isat, I didn’t see the red, yellow, and purple clusters that meant flowers to me. The information in this sentence allows us to discard three out of the four answer choices. Choices B and D are not relevant to why the narrator can no longer see the flowers, and choice A is possible, but not likely given the sequence of events presented in the sentence.Choice Cmakes the most sense given the context. If you're astudent who gravitates towards science and math, this is actually your kind of reading test because there is no subjectivity. The units and data in the reading sectionsjusthappen to be words instead of numbers. On the SAT and ACT, you have to mow down all the incorrect answers to reveal the perfectly groomed correct answer lawn beneath them. Shut up I know it's not a perfect metaphor. Strategy 2: Focus on the Evidence Reading questions on both the SAT and the ACT are always evidence-based, even if they seem subjective.Because these are standardized tests, the answers to questions must find a way to restate something that is explicitly referenced in the passage. This prevents any of the questions from opening themselves up to more than one interpretation, which would destroy the integrity of the test as an assessment tool.Every reading question must be answered using evidence in the passage or sentence. If you don’t see evidence for an answer choice, it’s incorrect.This goes back to the fact that in SAT and ACT reading questions, words are just another form of data. Let’s look at a sample SAT question to prove my point: The author of passage 1 mentions Isaac Newton (lines 37-40) in order to: A. emphasize the rapid rate of technological innovationB. acknowledge the impact of a profound thinkerC. criticize the inflexibility of Newton's contemporariesD. highlight the value of scientific curiosity The relevant lines read: Technological advances build upon each other, increasing technological abilities faster than most people anticipate. Imagine, for example, how astounded even a great seventeenth-century scientist like Isaac Newton would be by our current global communication system, were he alive today. From the evidence in these lines, we can see that Isaac Newton is mentioned as an example to demonstrate that even the greatest scientists in history would be amazed at the level of human technological change that has occurred over time. Based on this, we can confidently pick choice A as our answer. The middle two answer choices are too invested in Newton specifically rather than his place in proving the author’s larger point, and choice D doesn’t actually have anything to do with the point being made in these lines. The point is spelled out very directly; technological abilities have increased much faster than anyone could have ever anticipated. This is virtually synonymous with choice A: emphasize the rapid rate of technological innovation. If anyone drops another MacBook on my head I swear to God... Strategy 3: Read Smart The one aspect of the SAT and ACT reading sections that often poses a big problem for less reading-oriented people is finishing the passages in time. This is particularly true on the ACT, where you have only 35 minutes to read three long passages and a set of paired passages and answer 40 questions total.If you’re a slow reader and you try to read every passage closely, you may run out of time and lose easy points. That’s why you should figure out a good passage reading strategy before the test. Think of this as an experiment (except this time it's not about the material itself, it's about figuring out the best way for you to approach it). Try different methods so you can start collecting data about what works for you. Method 1: Read the Questions First, Skim the Passage Later You won’t be able to answer every question right away with this strategy, but there are many questions thatreference specific line numbers in the passage. This is especially true on the SAT, where almost every question provides you with the line numbers you need to read in order to answer it. As you answer these types of questions, you'll start to get a sense of the main ideas presented in the passage.If you need to read some parts of the passage more closely for specific questions, you can do that on a question-by-question basis. This strategy will probably also reduce your test anxiety.If you’ve been able to answer a couple questions about the passage already, you’ll feel much less pressure going forward. Method 2: Skim the Passage Before Reading the Questions This method requires knowledge of how to skim efficiently. Irecommend reading the introduction and conclusion of the passage and the first and last sentences of every paragraph so you’ll understand the thesis and main arguments. Skimming in this way should give you most of the information you need to answer big picture questions about the passage.When you come across questions that reference specific lines and words, you can go back and read more carefully. These methods take practice, so don’t go into the test unprepared if you struggle with time on the reading section!Try out these strategies on timed practice tests first to see what works best for you. Again, think of this as a science experiment where you're collecting data on the most efficient way for you to take the test. Summary Even if you consider yourself more of a science and math person, you CAN do well on the SAT and ACT Reading sections.SAT and ACT Reading will potentially be easier for you than the reading tests you've taken in school because each question has one objectively correct answer that is supported by evidence in the passage. Above all, remember to: #1: Understand the fundamental rule#2: Focus on direct evidence#3: Formulate a passage-reading strategy Don’t let the reading sections freak you out just because you think you won’t be good at them!You’re just as capable as any word nerd of doing well on reading as long as you know what you’re up against. What's Next? For more strategies to help you with the Reading sections, check out our articles on how to get perfect scores on SAT Reading and ACT Reading. If you're not quite ready to aim for a perfect score on SAT Reading, start with our more basic article on strategies to improve low reading scores. If you're still trying to decide whether to take the SAT or the ACT and want to know which one is better for you, read about which students should take which here. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: